Real time measurement by Bragg edge diffraction of the reverse (α′ → γ) transformation in a deformed 304 stainless steel

Bourke, M.A.M.; Maldonado, J.G.; Masters, D. L.; Meggers, Kay; Priesmeyer, H.G.

doi:10.1016/s0921-5093(96)10378-6

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…On the other hand, it is known that the ferromagnetic martensite phase transforms into the paramagnetic austenite phase by heating (reverse martensitic transformation) (Bourke et al, 1996). In the range of the reverse martensitic transformation start and finish temperatures, the amount of saturation magnetization due to the martensite phase decreases with increasing temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetically Graded Ni3Al Fabricated by Inhomogeneous Deformation and Heat Treatment

Watanabe

Fukada

Hosoda

2006

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

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The magnetic properties of Ni 3 Al intermetallic compound are influenced by the degree of order through the change of the number of Ni-Ni bonds at antiphase boundaries (APB). Since the degree of order can be changed by plastic deformation and heat treatment, the fabrication of magnetically graded smart materials based on Ni 3 Al intermetallic compound has been carried out by the following two methods: (1) an inhomogeneous compressive deformation using a wedge-shaped specimen and (2) an inhomogeneous heat treatment with temperature gradient. The magnetic properties are measured by the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) technique. It has been found that the magnetically graded smart materials with susceptibility gradient are successfully fabricated by either the compression deformation of the wedge-shaped Ni 3 Al or the inhomogeneous heat treatment. It has also been found that the degree of long-range order, S, varies depending on the position of the specimen. The susceptibility gradient is correlated with the gradient of the degree of longrange order S.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetically Graded Ni3Al Fabricated by Inhomogeneous Deformation and Heat Treatment

Watanabe

Fukada

Hosoda

2006

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

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“…The intensity of neutron beams and the efficiency and spatial resolution of new detectors 5 at spallation sources have led to a reappraisal of transmission techniques opening up the possibility of basic crystalline phase imaging ͑radiography͒, and thereby implicitly tomography. Transmission measurements have already been used successfully to monitor phase transformations and relative phase volume fractions in metals [6][7][8][9] but usually complementary methods have been relied upon for the calibration of phase volume fractions. A combination of both imaging and diffraction with a pixelated time-of-flight ͑TOF͒ transmission detector would allow time and spatially resolved monitoring of phase transitions, with the possibility of fast quantitative phase analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using pulsed neutron transmission for crystalline phase imaging and analysis

Steuwer

Withers

Santisteban

et al. 2005

Journal of Applied Physics

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The total scattering cross section of polycrystalline materials in the thermal neutron region contains valuable information about the scattering processes that neutrons undergo as they pass through the sample. In particular, it displays characteristic discontinuities or Bragg edges of selected families of lattice planes. We have developed a pixelated time-of-flight transmission detector able to record these features and in this paper we examine the potential for quantitative phase analysis and crystalline phase imaging through the examination of a simple two-phase test object. Two strategies for evaluation of the absolute phase volumes ͑path lengths͒ are examined. The first approach is based on the evaluation of the Bragg edge amplitude using basic profile information. The second approach focuses on the information content of certain regions of the spectrum using a Rietveld-type fit after first identifying the phases via the characteristic edges. The phase distribution is determined and the coarse chemical species radiographic image reconstructed. The accuracy of this method is assessed.

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“…For example, more than 80% of the reverse transformation occurs within 15 min when the specimen is heated at 670°C. 4 Therefore, the phenomena shown in Fig. 1 can be explained by the fact that the ferromagnetic ␣Ј martensite phase transformed into the paramagnetic austenite ␥ phase by the heat generated by the spot welding, while the martensite was exposed to the high temperature only for a short period.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 This ␣Ј martensite phase can transform into a ␥ phase ͑known as the ␣Ј to ␥ reverse martensitic transformation͒ when the alloy is heated beyond about 500°C. 4,5 Since this reverse martensitic transformation is accompanied by a ferromagnetic (␣Ј phase͒ to paramagnetic ͑␥ phase͒ transition, remanent magnetization also changes by this transformation. Accordingly, the remanent magnetization around the HAZ in the deformed stainless steel is expected to change as well.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Tc superconducting quantum interference device observation of heat-affected zone in a spot-welded Fe–Cr–Ni system

Watanabe

Kang

Chan

et al. 2003

Applied Physics Letters

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A study was carried out to observe a heat-affected zone (HAZ) in a deformed Fe–Cr–Ni system containing α′ martensite using high-Tc superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) microscopy. Microstructure and remanent magnetization images were studied by an optical microscope and a SQUID microscope, respectively. The HAZ, in which only the face-centered-cubic austenite phase exists, could be visualized by the SQUID microscope. It was also found that the SQUID images were consistent with the results from the microstructural analysis. It was concluded that a simple SQUID measurement may serve as an effective method for a nondestructive evaluation of ferromagnetic steel phases by correlating remanent magnetization images to microstructural characteristics.

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Real time measurement by Bragg edge diffraction of the reverse (α′ → γ) transformation in a deformed 304 stainless steel

Cited by 28 publications

References 5 publications

Magnetically Graded Ni3Al Fabricated by Inhomogeneous Deformation and Heat Treatment

Magnetically Graded Ni3Al Fabricated by Inhomogeneous Deformation and Heat Treatment

Using pulsed neutron transmission for crystalline phase imaging and analysis

High-Tc superconducting quantum interference device observation of heat-affected zone in a spot-welded Fe–Cr–Ni system

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