Real‐time irrigation diversion data delivery can benefit adaptive capacity in communal irrigation systems

Abstract

Many basins in the western United States rely on adequate winter snowpack and the slow release of water as temperatures warm to sustain streamflow and meet demand through the dry summer season (Mote et al., 2018). Volume of streamflow is especially vulnerable in these snow-dominated regions due to long-term changes in precipitation and temperature, which impact maximum snow accumulation and runoff timing (Barnett et al., 2005;Clow, 2010). Since water year 1984, winter temperatures have increased significantly, and winter precipitation, maximum snow water equivalent, and snow covered days per decade decreased significantly in the Rio Grande basin (Harpold et al., 2012). In

Conceptualising the Link between Citizen Science and Climate Governance: A Systematic Review

“…Among studies with a multifocal approach that collect data in different countries, six are comparative case studies [92][93][94][95][96][97], and two are conceptual articles which include case studies being discussed [98,99]. One interesting feature is that the study area often exceeds the national borders and embraces geographical regions or ecosystems characterised by the presence of relevant natural elements or resources, whose conditions are being impacted by climate change; i.e., the Baltic Sea [78], the Himalayan region [79,80], river basins [81][82][83], groundwater aquifers [84], forests [85,86], coral reef [87] and migratory flyways [88]. Three publications focus on the European context, especially delving into EU policy, regulations and research agendas, and their link with the practice of CS [89][90][91].…”

“…Moreover, themes of forests [86,106] and oceans [87,107,108] health protection and resilience boost a holistic approach to climate-related health risks which acknowledges the non-separateness of human and non-human communities [89]. [104,109,114,117,120] Food systems governance [89,98,103,104] Disaster management [80,115] Biosecurity risk monitoring [106] Infrastructure assessment [116] Governance of environmental heritage [78] Urban forest governance [96] Conservation 20 (45.45%) [79,[81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88]90,92,93,99,107,108,[121][122][123][124][125] Water governance [81,82,84,85,92,99] Biodiversity conservation [79,…”

“…Specifically, CS initiatives should provide capacity building and community resilience in the face of climate change challenges, empowering local communities with useful instruments and skills to prevent and tackle climate impacts, e.g., [81,88,124] and health-related risks [103,104]. Conrad and colleagues found that data accessibility provided by monitoring tools for local water management yielded a significant increase in four indicators of adaptive capacity: information diversity, cognitive social capital, leadership and proactivity [81].…”

“…Specifically, CS initiatives should provide capacity building and community resilience in the face of climate change challenges, empowering local communities with useful instruments and skills to prevent and tackle climate impacts, e.g., [81,88,124] and health-related risks [103,104]. Conrad and colleagues found that data accessibility provided by monitoring tools for local water management yielded a significant increase in four indicators of adaptive capacity: information diversity, cognitive social capital, leadership and proactivity [81]. Through land management case studies, Raschke and colleagues [124] explored and showed how digital community science approaches could contribute to developing the dimensions of community resilience previously identified by Patel and collaborators, i.e., local knowledge, community networks and relationships, communication, health, governance and leadership, resources, economic investment, preparedness and mental outlook [132].…”

“…First, they provide the chance to collect a diverse repertoire of data-quantitative measurements, audio, videos and photos of environmental and weather conditions-with increased extensive spatial and temporal coverage [80,103,106,109,113,122,124]. Moving beyond data collection, digital information-sharing platforms can facilitate early detection and warning of climate-related hazards [103], community-based environmental monitoring [99], inclusive adaptive decision-making, e.g., [99,104], knowledge co-creation [103,118] and co-management of natural resources and ecosystems [79,81,96].…”