Real-time insight into nanostructure evolution during the rapid formation of ultra-thin gold layers on polymers

Schwartzkopf, Matthias; Wöhnert, Sven-Jannik; Waclawek, Vivian; Carstens, Niko; Rothkirch, André; Rubeck, Jan; Gensch, Marc; Drewes, Jonas; Polonskyi, Oleksandr; Strunskus, Thomas; Hinz, A.; Schaper, Simon J.; Körstgens, Volker; Müller‐Buschbaum, Peter; Faupel, Franz; Roth, Stephan V.

doi:10.1039/d0nh00538j

Cited by 26 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The same group investigated the evolution of Ag films on PMMA- b -poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (PMMA- b -P3HT) and Cu films on PS- b -PEO, identifying the importance of reactions with the polymer, implantation of the metal into the polymer, and surface mobility. These factors also influence nanostructure formation in metals on homopolymer surfaces as do the roughness and density of the polymer surface, the metal deposition rate, film thickness, and changes to the polymer induced by the deposition process such as chain scission or cross-linking. , For Cu on (PS- b -PEO), four growth stages were identified consisting of nucleation, growth driven by diffusion, growth driven by adsorption, and grain growth. Gopinathan modeled metal nanostructure formation, pointing out the importance of kinetics and surface mobility contrast in determining the final structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Deposition of Copper on Self-Assembled Block Copolymer Surfaces via Physical Vapor Deposition

Lee

Jung

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Block copolymer (BCP) self-assembly produces chemically and topographically patterned surfaces which are used to guide the formation of Cu nanostructures by exploiting differences in the mobility of vapordeposited species on each microdomain. Cu metal films a few nm thick were deposited on three different BCP surfaces self-assembled from poly(styreneb-methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) and polystyrene-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P2VP). For PS-b-PMMA, the effects of chemical heterogeneity dominate over the effects of the 2 nm peak-to-valley topography, and sputtered Cu preferentially wets the PS block. PS-b-P2VP has greater chemical and topographical contrast and shows a wider process window for selective deposition. Cu grown by evaporation has less surface mobility, and shadowing effects are believed to dominate pattern formation. The hierarchical self-assembly process of thin metal films on BCP surfaces provides a route to fabricating heterogeneous metallic nanostructures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Deposition of Copper on Self-Assembled Block Copolymer Surfaces via Physical Vapor Deposition

Lee

Jung

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…Time-resolved GISAXS studies have particularly benefited from the development of fast detectors, reaching sub-millisecond time scales. [304] In an early demonstration, this enabled studying assemblies in drying liquid drops where a critical drop size was found that is necessary for the assembly of iron oxide NPs. [278] In the following, particular interest was spent on studying the assemblies of quantum dots, such as PbS, [108,225,298,299] and PbSe [291][292][293] with GISAXS, but also iron oxide NPs [279] and semiconductor nanorods.…”

Section: Self-assembly At Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Notable Approaches to Study Self‐Assembly of Nanoparticles with X‐Ray Scattering and Electron Microscopy

Schulz

Lokteva

Parak

et al. 2021

Part & Part Syst Charact

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several issues far from being resolved: for many systems long-range periodic order is not routinely achieved, reproducibility is often not optimal and truly emergent and new properties arising from the supercrystal formation could be demonstrated for just a few systems. [3][4][5][6][7] From the materials science perspective there is no established figure of merit or common set of parameters allowing to quantify "quality" of NP superlattices and supercrystals. In lieu of such standard procedures, terms as well-ordered, crystalline order, quasicrystalline, etc., are usually used in literature. However, there exist no commonly accepted definitions of what qualifies, e.g., as "well-ordered."In this review, we want to highlight some recent experimental developments and new approaches to study self-assembly of NPs or structure formation of NP supercrystals and their final structure. We focus on NP, the broad field of photonic materials prepared by self-assembly of larger colloidal particles is not covered herein. [8][9][10] The introduction of the basic concepts of NP self-assembly will be kept short and should be considered as an overview, for more background and details excellent comprehensive reviews are available. [2,11] We will then briefly address and discuss the expectations associated with self-assembled materials, especially the proposed emergence of new properties directly related to order. In the second part of the review, we will present recent innovative approaches for the investigation of self-assembly and self-assembled structures that go beyond the standard characterization. We focus mainly on structure and structure formation and less on properties, so most of the studies are based on scattering and electron microscopy. Figure 1 provides an overview roughly following this outline. Self-Assembly of NanoparticlesSelf-assembly is a broad term and occurs on all scales from atoms, ions, and molecules to galaxies, as pointed out by Whitesides and Grzybowski. [12] It can be defined as the autonomous organization of multiple discrete components into ordered structures, driven by energetics or entropy or both. [2,13] In nature, countless examples of highly complex and functional structures resulting from self-assembly can be found, Self-assembly of nanoparticles (NPs) has evolved into a powerful tool for the synthesis of superstructures with tailored properties. The quality, diversity, and complexity of synthesized structures are continuously improving and fascinating new collective properties are demonstrated. At the same time, the rapid development of electron microscopy and synchrotron sources for X-rays has enabled new exciting experimental approaches to study structure and structure formation in the context of NP self-assembly. In this review, some recent studies and what can be learned from them are highlighted and discussed. It is started with a general introduction covering important concepts, experimental approaches, commonly obtained structures, the ideas of artificial atoms, and emerging properties a...

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“…These drawbacks, which can appear in the chemical approach, can be avoided using a different NP synthesis method: sputtering of the desired metals on ionic liquids (ILs), which combines a well-developed deposition technique with a comparable new substrate class. ,− Sputtering is a very versatile deposition method, in terms of possible materials to be deposited and for the choice of different substrates covering all materials classes including polymers − and most recently ILs. Another advantage of sputter deposition of thin films is that bulk-immiscible multinary systems can be fabricated as forced solid solutions by co-sputtering .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the Formation Mechanism of Nanoparticles Sputtered in Ionic Liquid

2021

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The formation of nanoparticles by sputtering on ionic liquids could occur at the surface or in the volume of the liquid. To clarify which process occurs, Cu was sputtered in inert and oxidative plasma onto two different ionic liquids. 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [Bmim][(Tf)2N] and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [Emim][(Tf)2N] were selected for their low solubility of oxygen and their different surface tensions to differentiate the influence of the ionic liquid characteristics on the formation process and characteristics of nanoparticles. The chemical state of nanoparticles in the ionic liquids, metallic or oxidized, was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy was performed to acquire nanoparticle size distributions and shapes. The results indicate that nanoparticle formation occurs within the ionic liquid volume, contradicting the prevailing assumption that nanoparticle formation begins at the ionic liquid surface. Nanoparticle size distributions indicate that a higher viscosity of the ionic liquid results in higher nanoparticle diameters.

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Real-time insight into nanostructure evolution during the rapid formation of ultra-thin gold layers on polymers

Abstract: Ultra-thin metal layers on polymer thin films attract tremendous research interest for advanced flexible optoelectronic applications, including organic photovoltaics, light emitting diodes and sensors. To realize the large-scale production of...

Cited by 26 publications

References 61 publications

Selective Deposition of Copper on Self-Assembled Block Copolymer Surfaces via Physical Vapor Deposition

Selective Deposition of Copper on Self-Assembled Block Copolymer Surfaces via Physical Vapor Deposition

Recent Notable Approaches to Study Self‐Assembly of Nanoparticles with X‐Ray Scattering and Electron Microscopy

Unraveling the Formation Mechanism of Nanoparticles Sputtered in Ionic Liquid

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