Real-time in situ ATR-FTIR analysis of the liquid phase hydrogenation of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si39.gif" display="inline" overflow="scroll"><mml:mi>γ</mml:mi></mml:math>-butyrolactone over Cu-ZnO catalysts: A mechanistic study by varying lactone ring size

Hamminga, Gerben M.; Mul, Guido; Moulijn, Jacob A.

doi:10.1016/j.ces.2004.07.087

Cited by 66 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In this method, a pure gas is introduced into the liquid at t = 0, and the concentration of the dissolved gas in the liquid phase (A L ) is measured as a function of time. An FTIR probe may also be incorporated in the reactor for investigations leading to in situ mechanistic investigation studies [74][75][76][77]. The reactor system may be interfaced through software for continuous data logging for recording history of different parametric profiles like the concentration (C RSH ), the temperature (T), the pressure (P t ), the volumetric mass transfer coefficient (K L S), the mean bubble size (d BM ), and the reactant, intermediate, and product component profiles.…”

Section: Instrumental Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Gas‐Liquid Reactions in Light Oil Sweetening: Kinetics and Reactor Design Aspects

et al. 2014

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Thiols in liquefied petroleum gas are undesirable due to their foul odor and corrosive nature. The process of removing these thiols is termed as sweetening. Metal phthalocyanines are reported to be the most effective sweetening catalyst. However, the solubility of metal phthalocyanine is low in aqueous medium. Thus, in an effort to further improve upon the existing catalysts, a novel cobalt phthalocyanine sulfonamide catalyst was developed. Laboratory and commercial evaluation of this catalyst showed enhanced activity as compared to a commercial catalyst with comparable stability. With proven higher activity, comparable stability, design of grass root oxidizer using this catalyst is the next step. Design of oxidizers for an extractive sweetening process based on this catalyst in grass root refineries requires a rigorous kinetic model. The paper reviews the literature on sweetening kinetics and focuses on the concepts of design of laboratory reactors for reaction kinetics studies for such gas-liquid reactions. Laboratory reactor systems can be useful for accurate estimation of kinetic parameters which can then be used to design industrial reactors and predict their performance.

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Section: Instrumental Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Gas‐Liquid Reactions in Light Oil Sweetening: Kinetics and Reactor Design Aspects

et al. 2014

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“…It is also used in homogeneous [9,10] and bio catalysis [11]. Heterogeneous catalysis [12,13] is more efficient compared to homogeneous and enzymatic catalysis because of its certain advantages such as rigorous control of the reaction, reduction of the secondary product content, easier separation of catalyst from the reaction medium, lower cost of catalyst per unit of production and the possibility of piloting the catalytic processes at higher temperatures than in the case of enzyme processing [14]. These advantages were decisive for our research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A kinetic study of sucrose hydrolysis over Amberlite IR-120 as a heterogeneous catalyst using in situ FTIR spectroscopy

Zajšek

Goršek

2010

Reac Kinet Mech Cat

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This work describes the experimental determination of sucrose hydrolysis kinetics using a heterogeneous catalyst. We used an Amberlite IR-120 strong acidic cation-exchange resin. The experiments were performed under previously determined optimal process conditions: sucrose mass concentration, c S = 50 g L -1 , catalyst mass concentration, c C = 180 g L -1 , rotational frequency of the stirrer f m = 180 min -1 , and temperature 0 = 79°C. The parameters of the supposed kinetic model were determined using experimental data. The kinetics of sucrose hydrolysis over Amberlite IR-120 has not been reported to date. Therefore, we could not directly compare the calculated values of kinetic parameters with those from the literature. However, the calculated values are within the range of values determined by other types of catalysts. Furthermore, we investigated the influence of catalyst mass concentration c C on the reaction rate constant k 0 . List of symbolsInitial concentration of sucrose (mol L -1 ) dPath length E a Activation energy (kJ mol -1 ) f m Rotational frequency of the stirrer (min -1 ) F Statistical F-criterion (variance ratio), 1 k 0Reaction rate constant (L kg -1 min -1 ) k 0 0 Pre-exponential factor (L kg -1 min -1 ) m C Mass of catalyst (kg) PRESS Predicted residual error sum of squares, 1 r S 0 Rate of reaction based on the mass of catalyst (mol kg -1 min -1 ) R Universal gas constant (J mol -1 K -1 ) RMultiple correlation coefficient (-) R 2Coefficient of determination (-) R adj 2

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“…These nanoparticles with the advantages of a large volume-to-surface area ratio, high ultraviolet absorption, and a long life-span (Yu et al, 2004) have proved to have greater potential for use in gas sensors (Xu et al, 2000), solar cells (Yu et al, 2004), and photocatalyst degradation (Curri et al, 2003;Kamat et al, 2002) than TiO 2 NPs (Hong et al, 2005). They have also been employed as efficient catalysts for liquid phase hydrogenation (Hamminga et al, 2004), chemical absorption (Turton et al, 2004), and UV absorption in cosmetics and as an anti-virus agent (Hu et al, 2003). The physical and microstructural properties of ZnO can be modified by changing the synthetic method (Meulenkamp, 1998;Monticone et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ZnO nanopowder derived from brass ash: Sintering behavior and mechanical properties

Lee

Nersisyan

Kwon

et al. 2016

International Journal of Mineral Processing

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Real-time in situ ATR-FTIR analysis of the liquid phase hydrogenation of γ-butyrolactone over Cu-ZnO catalysts: A mechanistic study by varying lactone ring size

Cited by 66 publications

References 8 publications

A Review on Gas‐Liquid Reactions in Light Oil Sweetening: Kinetics and Reactor Design Aspects

A Review on Gas‐Liquid Reactions in Light Oil Sweetening: Kinetics and Reactor Design Aspects

A kinetic study of sucrose hydrolysis over Amberlite IR-120 as a heterogeneous catalyst using in situ FTIR spectroscopy

ZnO nanopowder derived from brass ash: Sintering behavior and mechanical properties

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