Real-time imaging of melting and crystallization in poly(ethylene oxide) by atomic force microscopy

Pearce, R.; Vancso, Gyula J.

doi:10.1016/s0032-3861(97)00420-5

Cited by 72 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Several research groups have studied the spherulite morphology and their growth using in situ AFM and TEM for poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), 25,26 poly(triflouroethylene) (PF 3 E), 27 poly(bisphenol A-co-octane) (PBAC8), 29 poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), 30,31 poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), [32][33][34] isotactic polystyrene (i-PS), 35 and polyethylene (PE). 36 All of these studies show that the polymer crystals grow from a central nucleus.…”

Section: Spherulitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crystallization in Polymer Thin Films: Morphology and Growth

Horn¹,

Cheng²

2008

Series in Soft Condensed Matter

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Confinement of semi-crystalline polymers into thin films can affect both the morphology and the growth of the resultant crystals. Several morphologies, including polycrystalline and single crystalline, can be obtained in thin films under certain conditions. In addition, the molecular orientation and kinetics can be affected by the temperature, film thickness, and interfacial energy. This chapter is a review of various reports in thin film crystallization.

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Section: Spherulitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AFM is equipped to study crystallization in situ over a large temperature range. 25 Using the tapping mode, one can visualize the crystal morphology as well as determine the crystal thickness, which are both a function of ∆Τ. The hot stage attachment allows one to change the temperature of the system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystallization in Polymer Thin Films: Morphology and Growth

Horn¹,

Cheng²

2008

Series in Soft Condensed Matter

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“…Scanning probe microscopy offers the opportunity to follow crystal growth at a surface in real-time, with nanometer resolution, and hence to quantify the kinetics by direct observation at length scales that are close to those of the fundamental crystallizing unit, and to the size scale of the polymer chain (92,(145)(146)(147)(148)(149)(150)(151)(152). Several groups (145)(146)(147)149) have reported that lamella crystallization from the melt, at least where several lamellae are growing adjacently, does not occur at a constant temperature-controlled rate. Instead, growth rates are sporadic over length scales of several tens of nanometers, with lamellae or parts of lamellae spurting forwards briefly, then slowing down and being overtaken by their neighbors (146).…”

Section: New Approaches To Crystallization Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystallization Kinetics

Hobbs¹

2004

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology

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Crystallization kinetics is the area of polymer science that deals with the rate at which randomly ordered chains transform into highly ordered crystals, and includes every aspect of the resultant structure that is dependent on the route that was taken between those different states. It is a broad and mature area of scientific research, given and uncommon diversity when compared to the crystallization of small molecules because of the wide range of different chemistries and chain topologies that are available to macromolecules. These add layers of comlexity that can make it difficult to find generalizing principles. The article concentrates on principles and observations that have the widest applicability. Crystallizable polymers form semicrystalline materials containing chains or fractions of chains that are trapped in nonequilibrium, amorphous states. Because of this semicrystalline nature, the crystal morphology, rather than the underlying crystal structure, often controls the final properties of a polymer article. Because polymers crystallize so far from equilibrium conditions, a simple examination of the phase diagram gives us little insight into the crystal morphology that is formed or the route that is taken to its formation. To understand, and ultimately control, such behavior, it is necessary to gain an understanding of the kinetics of crystallization, as it is the kinetics of the process that define the structure and properties of the material.

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“…Some recent research has been focused on observing the crystal growth in situ and in real space by scanning force microscopy (SFM) [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. These experiments gave new insights on individual local events during crystallization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%