Real-Time Hydraulic and Hydrodynamic Model of the St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair, Detroit River System

Anderson, Eric J.; Schwab, David J.; Lang, Gregory A.

doi:10.1061/(asce)hy.1943-7900.0000203

Cited by 69 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…FVCOM has been adapted and implemented for the Great Lakes in several recent studies (Anderson et al, ; Anderson et al, ; Anderson & Schwab, ; Bai et al, ). The FVCOM application developed for the Lake Erie Operational Forecast System (LEOFS) was applied in this study (Anderson et al, ; Kelley et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coastal Upwelling Influences Hypoxia Spatial Patterns and Nearshore Dynamics in Lake Erie

et al. 2019

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Hypoxia, defined as dissolved oxygen (DO) < 2 mg/L, in the central basin of Lake Erie has been studied since the mid‐1900s. Even so, spatial patterns of hypoxia, and episodic hypoxia in nearshore areas where drinking water plant intakes are located, are not well characterized owing to limited observations and short‐term dynamics. We evaluated a physically based, DO model with respect to patterns of hypoxia observed in Lake Erie. The DO model used assigned rates of sediment and water column oxygen demand that were temperature dependent but otherwise spatially and temporally uniform. The DO model was linked to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Lake Erie Operational Forecasting System hydrodynamic model, an application of the Finite Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM). Model temperature and DO were compared with observations from ship‐based studies, real‐time sensor networks and an array of moored sensors that we deployed in 2017. In years with dominant southwesterly winds, persistent downwelling occurred along the south shore, which resulted in a thinner thermocline and earlier initiation of hypoxia along the south shore than the north. Occasional northeast winds temporarily reversed this pattern, causing upwelling along the south shore that brought hypoxic water to nearshore locations and water intakes. The DO model reproduced observed spatial and temporal patterns of hypoxia and revealed locations subject to episodes of hypoxia, including nearshore Ohio, north of Pelee Island, and near the Bass Islands. Model skill was limited in some respects, highlighting the importance of accurate simulation of the thermal structure and spatial patterns of oxygen demand rates.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coastal Upwelling Influences Hypoxia Spatial Patterns and Nearshore Dynamics in Lake Erie

et al. 2019

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“…In addition, FVCOM has been successfully applied to a variety of coastal ocean, estuary, and lake environments, including validation of wind‐induced surface gravity waves [ Chen et al ., ], tsunami wave generation [ Chen et al ., ], and several barotropic cases [ Huang et al ., ]. In the Great Lakes, FVCOM has been successful in accurately predicting the amplitudes of coastal water level oscillations [ Anderson et al ., ; Anderson and Schwab , ; Niu et al ., ] and other hydrodynamic conditions [ Bai et al ., ; Fujisaki et al ., ; Nguyen et al ., ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstruction of a meteotsunami in Lake Erie on 27 May 2012: Roles of atmospheric conditions on hydrodynamic response in enclosed basins

Anderson

Bechle

et al. 2015

JGR Oceans

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On 27 May 2012, atmospheric conditions gave rise to two convective systems that generated a series of waves in the meteotsunami band on Lake Erie. The resulting waves swept three swimmers a 0.5 mi offshore, inundated a marina, and may have led to a capsized boat along the southern shoreline. Analysis of radial velocities from a nearby radar tower in combination with coastal meteorological observation indicates that the convective systems produced a series of outflow bands that were the likely atmospheric cause of the meteotsunami. In order to explain the processes that led to meteotsunami generation, we model the hydrodynamic response to three meteorological forcing scenarios: (i) the reconstructed atmospheric disturbance from radar analysis, (ii) simulated conditions from a high‐resolution weather model, and (iii) interpolated meteorological conditions from the NOAA Great Lakes Coastal Forecasting System. The results reveal that the convective systems generated a series of waves incident to the southern shore of the lake that reflected toward the northern shoreline and reflected again to the southern shore, resulting in spatial wave focusing and edge wave formation that combined to impact recreational users near Cleveland, OH. This study illustrates the effects of meteotsunami development in an enclosed basin, including wave reflection, focusing, and edge wave formation as well as temporal lags between the causative atmospheric conditions and arrival of dangerous wave conditions. As a result, the ability to detect these extreme storms and predict the hydrodynamic response is crucial to reducing risk and building resilient coastal communities.

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“…Investigations into the exchange flow in the Straits of Mackinac are carried out using the hydrodynamic model described in Anderson and Schwab []. The model is based on the Finite Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM v3.2) [ Chen et al ., ], a three‐dimensional oceanographic model that solves the governing equations on an unstructured grid with sigma (terrain‐following) vertical coordinates, which has been used successfully for several studies of the Great Lakes [ Anderson et al ., ; Bai et al ., ; Rowe et al ., ; Anderson et al ., ]. The model domain covers the entire Lake Michigan‐Huron system including the Straits of Mackinac at 100 m resolution and broadening out to 2.5 km in the offshore region of each lake (31,054 elements, 21 sigma layers).…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 64%

Meteorological influence on summertime baroclinic exchange in the Straits of Mackinac

Anderson

Schwab

2017

JGR Oceans

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Straits flows can impose a complex hydrodynamic environment with high seasonal variability and significant impacts to nearby water bodies. In the Straits of Mackinac, exchange flow between Lake Michigan and Lake Huron influences water quality and ecological processes, as well as the transport of any contaminants released in or near the straits. Although previous work has shown that a Helmholtz mode is responsible for the barotropic flow oscillations in the straits, baroclinic effects impose opposite surface and subsurface flows during the summer months. In this study, we use observations of currents and water temperatures from instruments deployed in the straits to validate a hydrodynamic model of the combined Lake Michigan‐Huron system and then use the model results to investigate the baroclinic flow and determine the forcing mechanisms that drive exchange flow in the Straits of Mackinac. Analysis shows that although the Helmholtz mode drives a 3 day oscillation throughout the year, thermal stratification in the summer establishes a bidirectional flow that is governed by a shift from regional‐scale to local‐scale meteorological conditions. These results detail the seasonal variability in the straits, including the barotropic and baroclinic contributions to exchange flow and the influence of local atmospheric forcing on transport through the Straits of Mackinac.

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Real-Time Hydraulic and Hydrodynamic Model of the St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair, Detroit River System

Cited by 69 publications

References 19 publications

Coastal Upwelling Influences Hypoxia Spatial Patterns and Nearshore Dynamics in Lake Erie

Coastal Upwelling Influences Hypoxia Spatial Patterns and Nearshore Dynamics in Lake Erie

Reconstruction of a meteotsunami in Lake Erie on 27 May 2012: Roles of atmospheric conditions on hydrodynamic response in enclosed basins

Meteorological influence on summertime baroclinic exchange in the Straits of Mackinac

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