Real-Time HW and Human-in-the-Loop Simulations for the Validation of Detect and Avoid Advanced Functionalities in ATM Future Scenarios

Corraro, Gianluca; Bove, Ezio; Canzolino, Pasquale; Cicala, Marco; Ciniglio, Umberto; Corraro, Federico; Capua, Gianluigi Di; Filippone, Edoardo; Garbarino, Luca; Genito, Nicola; Rocchio, Riccardo

doi:10.1109/dasc50938.2020.9256430

Cited by 2 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Table 1.2 shows the various operation frequencies that coexist in the simulation, together with the variables that are sampled or evaluated at those frequencies, and also the systems that operate at such frequencies. 1.2 show the differences between the different types of trajectories [10], which enable the evaluation of the performances of the different aircraft systems. The final objective of every GNC system is to reduce the total system error (TSE) or difference between the actual and reference trajectories.…”

Section: Discrete Timementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second is the assumption of incompressible air flow [A23], which means that the Mach number M = v TAS / √ 𝜅 R T can be considered zero. And third is classic aerodynamic theory [23,28,29], that states that the aerodynamic actions are proportional to the air adiabatic index 𝜅, to the air pressure p, and to the square of the Mach number 10 . This results in the definition of the aerodynamic force and moment coefficients [14,23,28,29,30,31,32]:…”

Section: Dimensional Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Customizable Stochastic High-Fidelity Model of the Sensors and Camera Onboard a Fixed Wing Autonomous Aircraft

Gallo

Barrientos

2022

Sensors

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The navigation systems of autonomous aircraft rely on the readings provided by a suite of onboard sensors to estimate the aircraft state. In the case of fixed wing vehicles, the sensor suite is usually composed by triads of accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver, and an air data system (Pitot tube, air vanes, thermometer, and barometer), and it is often complemented by one or more digital cameras. An accurate representation of the behavior and error sources of each of these sensors, together with the images generated by the cameras, is indispensable for the design, development, and testing of inertial, visual, or visual–inertial navigation algorithms. This article presents realistic and customizable models for each of these sensors; a ready-to-use C++ implementation is released as open-source code so non-experts in the field can easily generate realistic results. The pseudo-random models provide a time-stamped series of the errors generated by each sensor based on performance values and operating frequencies obtainable from the sensor’s data sheets. If in addition, the simulated true pose (position plus attitude) of the aircraft is provided, the camera model generates realistic images of the Earth’s surface that resemble those taken with a real camera from the same pose.

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Section: Discrete Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dimensional Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Customizable Stochastic High-Fidelity Model of the Sensors and Camera Onboard a Fixed Wing Autonomous Aircraft

Gallo

Barrientos

2022

Sensors

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“…Some critical human factors, especially the pilot workload, can not be truly assessed. Only a few of ATC-Flight real-time simulations were conducted with both ATC simulator and flight simulator [7,29], but they did not build a comprehensive multi-criteria evaluation system. Some MCDM methods have been used in ATM evaluation field [8], but no attention was paid to the airspace evaluation based on real-time simulation.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the Italian Aerospace Research Centre developed the Integrated ATC‐Flight Simulation Facility (ISF), which was able to accurately reproduce complex ATM scenarios in real‐time human‐in‐the‐loop simulations, aiming to validate new ATM procedures and innovative system prototypes for remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPASs) and General Aviation aircraft. Their evaluation metrics included cost and safety [7]. In Asia, researchers conducted real‐time simulations to investigate the integration of RPAS into the existing airspace system [30].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a consequence, there is a large research gap to address the above challenges. Firstly, the existing airspace planning scheme evaluation criteria based on ATC‐Flight real‐time simulation had highlighted certain metrics for specific airspace evaluation cases, such as cost and safety [7]. However, they rarely considered the complexity of airspace operation and the characteristics of the ATC‐Flight real‐time simulation simultaneously.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plithogenic multi‐criteria decision making approach on airspace planning scheme evaluation based on ATC‐flight real‐time simulation

Liang

Han

et al. 2022

IET Intelligent Trans Sys

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Airspace planning scheme evaluation based on ATC-Flight real-time simulation which incorporates air traffic control simulator and flight simulator has become increasingly important. It has irreplaceable advantages of truly simulating and in-depth evaluating airspace operation, especially for analyzing human factors. As a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problem, it poses challenges which this study aims to overcome from three aspects. Firstly, the complexity of airspace and the characteristics of ATC-Flight realtime simulation are analyzed to build a multi-criteria evaluation system. The criteria include air traffic flow, airspace operational performance, flight procedure quality, cost, controller workload and pilot workload. Secondly, a novel weighting method based on plithogenic set is presented to derive robust subjective criteria weights from a group of human decision makers. The subjective weights are then combined with objective weights using game theory to determine cumulative criteria weights. Thirdly, technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) and grey correlation analysis are integrated to perform comprehensive evaluation and ranking. The first series of ATC-Flight real-time simulations in China are conducted to illustrate a case study. The results demonstrated that the proposed MCDM approach could improve the accuracy and discriminability of evaluation results, and outperformed other existing well-known MCDM algorithms.

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Real-Time HW and Human-in-the-Loop Simulations for the Validation of Detect and Avoid Advanced Functionalities in ATM Future Scenarios

Cited by 2 publications

References 10 publications

Customizable Stochastic High-Fidelity Model of the Sensors and Camera Onboard a Fixed Wing Autonomous Aircraft

Customizable Stochastic High-Fidelity Model of the Sensors and Camera Onboard a Fixed Wing Autonomous Aircraft

Plithogenic multi‐criteria decision making approach on airspace planning scheme evaluation based on ATC‐flight real‐time simulation

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