Real-time human identification using a pyroelectric infrared detector array and hidden Markov models

Abstract

This paper proposes a real-time human identification system using a pyroelectric infrared (PIR) detector array and hidden Markov models (HMMs). A PIR detector array with masked Fresnel lens arrays is used to generate digital sequential data that can represent a human motion feature. HMMs are trained to statistically model the motion features of individuals through an expectation-maximization (EM) learning process. Human subjects are recognized by evaluating a set of new feature data against the trained HMMs using the maximum-likelihood (ML) criterion. We have developed a prototype system to verify the proposed method. Sensor modules with different numbers of detectors and different sampling masks were tested to maximize the identification capability of the sensor system.

Multimodal approach for non-tagged indoor identification and tracking using smart floor and pyroelectric infrared sensors

“…The PIR output signal generated when a person crosses the sensor's field of view (FOV) depends on distance between the person and the sensor (Zappi et al, 2008), person's walking style (Fang et al, 2006a), direction of motion (Okuda et al, 2005), person's speed (Zappi et al, 2008), person's body surface area (size/shape) (Zappi et al, 2008;Fang et al, 2006b), and environmental conditions (Shankar et al, 2006). Consequently, the following hypothesis is formulated:…”

Mobile Robot Aided Silhouette Imaging and Robust Body Pose Recognition for Elderly-Fall Detection

“…The PIR detector has several promising advantages: it is able to convert the incident thermal radiation into an electrical signal, and it responds to radiation with wavelengths ranging from 8µm to 14µm which just corresponds to the typical thermal radiation emitted from the human body [20]; the cost of a commercially available sensor is extremely low; the power consumption is low and suitable for wireless networks and mobile agent application. Because of these advantages, the PIR detector has been developed in lightweight biometric detection [21,22], human identification [23][24][25] and multiple human tracking [16,17].…”

Feature-specific biometric sensing using ceiling view based pyroelectric infrared sensors

“…Several studies exploit the multi-granularity ability of PIR sensor for human detection and walker recognition simultaneously. In the study of [18], Fang et al develop a pyroelectric infrared system for real-time walker recognition. A pyroelectric infrared sensor with a Fresnel lens is used for gait acquisition, and a linear regression technique is employed for recognition.…”

“…In the study of [18], Fang et al explores the performances of PIR based walker recognition with the different horizontal resolutions. They conclude the higher horizontal resolution enables to get more details and better results.…”