Real-time ghost imaging algorithm on the multidimensional vector matrix Walsh transformation with spatiotemporal free-fps

Abstract

In this research, we propose a real-time spatiotemporal free-fps algorithm based on the multidimensional vector matrix Walsh transform with an adjustable ghost imaging video quality and a frame rate to address the issues of uneven imaging speed, fixed imaging frame rate, and uncomfortable appearance in real-time ghost imaging videos of moving objects. This algorithm utilizes the temporal and spatial correlation of ghost imaging videos to achieve free and adjustable video frame rates in time without being limited by DMD refresh rates. Improving the spatial information of a single frame in space enhances the smoothness of ghost imaging videos, making the appearance of ghost imaging videos more comfortable. To achieve this, a four-dimensional vector Walsh transform kernel matrix is used to transform and reconstruct the high-quality images of the target object. Then the reconstructed high-quality image is spatially interpolated to enhance spatial information. Reasonable frame rate parameters are set based on the corresponding relationship between the detection values of the adjacent frames and speckle, improving the ghost imaging video in both time and space and achieving a smooth real-time ghost imaging video with an adjustable quality and frame rate. The simulation and experimental results of moving objects show that our algorithm solves the limitation of a DMD refresh rate compared with the existing ghost imaging video methods and makes the ghost imaging video more comfortable and smoother in real time. The PSNR of the objective evaluation index is increased by 12%. Regarding a subjective evaluation, this paper proposes an adaptive parameterless evaluation algorithm (APEA) for images with different resolutions based on the NRSS, which improved the structure retention degree by 13% and the Brisque parameter evaluation by 70%. We propose an adaptive parameterless video comfort evaluation algorithm (APVCEA) to evaluate the subjective comfort of ghost imaging videos by 14% compared with traditional methods.