Real-time forensic DNA analysis at a crime scene using a portable microchip analyzer

Yun

International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

et al. 2013

The existing electronic tagging system traces the location of a sex offender using triangulation by communicating with Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites and mobile phone base stations. The acquired location information is used to prevent the offenders from perpetrating repeat crimes. However, the battery resources of such a system are inadequate as it has to trace the location of the moving target in real time and consumes a large amount of battery power while communicating with GPS satellites and mobile phone base stations. In addition, the systems cannot infer the mental state of the targets or detect their alcohol consumption levels, which may be necessary for the prevention of a repeat crime. The purpose of this study is to connect the Ubiquitous System Network (USN), which consumes little electricity, and Android mobile platforms, which are commonly used for machine-to-machine communication. Thus, this system will legally facilitate the protection of minors by providing information only about the target's approach to certain facilities. In addition, the system uses an Android platform to process data measured by the USN's sensors, which can also detect alcohol intake and infer the mental state of the target, and then initiates the corresponding real-time context-awareness services.

Section: Infer a Psychological State Using Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, studies have been conducted on inserting a microelectronic chip in the body of a sexual offender or using a monitoring target in which bioelectronics technology is implemented [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Smart Electronic Tagging System Based on Context Awareness and Machine-to-Machine Interworking

Yun

International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

et al. 2013

“…9,10 Other advantages of microfluidics include potential for integration with upstream and downstream sample processing 11 and portability for point-of-care (POC) applications. 12,13 For PCR, the low thermal mass of the reaction volume on a microfluidic device can also help increase specificity due to reduced transition times between PCR steps. 14 Similar to commercially available PCR instruments, conductive heating using thermoelectric, or Peltier, elements is common for microfluidic thermocyclers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermally multiplexed polymerase chain reaction

et al. 2015

Amplification of multiple unique genetic targets using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is commonly required in molecular biology laboratories. Such reactions are typically performed either serially or by multiplex PCR. Serial reactions are time consuming, and multiplex PCR, while powerful and widely used, can be prone to amplification bias, PCR drift, and primer-primer interactions. We present a new thermocycling method, termed thermal multiplexing, in which a single heat source is uniformly distributed and selectively modulated for independent temperature control of an array of PCR reactions. Thermal multiplexing allows amplification of multiple targets simultaneously-each reaction segregated and performed at optimal conditions. We demonstrate the method using a microfluidic system consisting of an infrared laser thermocycler, a polymer microchip featuring 1 ll, oil-encapsulated reactions, and closed-loop pulsewidth modulation control. Heat transfer modeling is used to characterize thermal performance limitations of the system. We validate the model and perform two reactions simultaneously with widely varying annealing temperatures (48 C and 68 C), demonstrating excellent amplification. In addition, to demonstrate microfluidic infrared PCR using clinical specimens, we successfully amplified and detected both influenza A and B from human nasopharyngeal swabs. Thermal multiplexing is scalable and applicable to challenges such as pathogen detection where patients presenting non-specific symptoms need to be efficiently screened across a viral or bacterial panel. V C 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.

“…In contrast to other emerging devices described in the literature [1][2][3][4] the system described here embodies design simplicity which reduces cost and improves reliability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Track DNA Analysis Suite for human identification

Docker

Baker

Haswell

2013

Preprint

This paper details the development of a portable 'Lab on chip' DNA analyser that was developed to facilitate rapid analysis of DNA samples for 'at scene of crime' and in custody suite situations where human identification is required rapidly. This system was proven to work with human DNA for 3 loci, namely VWA, D21 and D18 taken from raw sample through PCR separation to detection within 90miniutes. Once the sample was loaded onto the microfluidic chip which in turn was loaded into the instrument no further human interaction took place. This paper details the approach to the biochemistry, hardware before going on to give results proving the proof of principle and then the authors' conclusions. AbstractThis paper details the development of a portable 'Lab on chip' DNA analyser that was developed to facilitate rapid analysis of DNA samples for 'at scene of crime' and in custody suite situations where human identification is required rapidly. This system was proven to work with human DNA for 3 loci, namely VWA, D21 and D18 taken from raw sample through PCR separation to detection within 90miniutes. Once the sample was loaded onto the microfluidic chip which in turn was loaded into the instrument no further human interaction took place. This paper details the approach to the biochemistry, hardware before going on to give results proving the proof of principle and then the authors' conclusions.