Real-time dynamics of lattice gauge theories with a few-qubit quantum computer

Martinez, Emanuel Ricardo Monteiro; Muschik, Christine A.; Schindler, Philipp; Nigg, Daniel; Erhard, Alexander; Heyl, Markus; Hauke, Philipp; Dalmonte, Marcello; Monz, Thomas; Zoller, P.; Blatt, R.

doi:10.1038/nature18318

Cited by 757 publications

(757 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Doppler cooled ions, for example, at sub mK temperatures, are the foundation of successful trapped ion quantum information experiments (25)(26)(27). Likewise ions in rf traps (28), and more recently Penning traps (29), are routinely prepared in the ground state.…”

Section: Sympathetic Coolingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sympathetic cooling of protons and antiprotons with a common endcap Penning trap

Bohman

Mooser²,

Schneider

et al. 2017

Journal of Modern Optics

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We present an experiment to sympathetically cool single protons and antiprotons in a Penning trap by resonantly coupling the particles to laser cooled beryllium ions using a common endcap technique. Our analysis shows that preparation of (anti)protons at mK temperatures on timescales of tens of seconds is feasible. Successful implementation of the technique will have immediate and significant impact on high-precision comparisons of the fundamental properties of protons and antiprotons. This in turn will provide stringent tests of the fundamental symmetries of the Standard Model. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Sympathetic Coolingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sympathetic cooling of protons and antiprotons with a common endcap Penning trap

Bohman

Mooser²,

Schneider

et al. 2017

Journal of Modern Optics

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“…This includes the observation of genuine nonequilibrium phenonema such as many-body localization [1][2][3], quantum time crystals [4,5], or particle-antiparticle production in the Schwinger model [6]. It remains, however, a major challenge to identify universal properties in these diverse dynamical phenomena on general grounds.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Connecting dynamical quantum phase transitions and topological steady-state transitions by tuning the energy gap

Wang

Xianlong

2018

Phys. Rev. A

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Considerable theoretical and experimental efforts have been devoted to the quench dynamics, in particular, the dynamical quantum phase transition (DQPT) and the steady-state transition. These developments have motivated us to study the quench dynamics of the topological systems, from which we find the connection between these two transitions, that is, the DQPT, accompanied by a nonanalytic behavior as a function of time, always merges into a steady-state transition signaled by the nonanalyticity of observables in the steady limit. As the characteristic time of the DQPT diverges, it exhibits universal scaling behavior, which is related to the scaling behavior at the corresponding steady-state transition.Isolated quantum many-body systems can nowadays be realized in quantum-optical systems such as ultracold atoms or trapped ions which has opened up the perspective to experimentally study properties beyond the thermodynamic equilibrium paradigm. This includes the observation of genuine nonequilibrium phenonema such as many-body localization [1][2][3], quantum time crystals [4,5], or particle-antiparticle production in the Schwinger model [6]. It remains, however, a major challenge to identify universal properties in these diverse dynamical phenomena on general grounds. Considerable effects have been made to the formulation of various notions of nonequilibrium phase transitions [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] which are seen as promising attempts to extend elementary equilibrium concepts such as scaling and universality to the nonequilibrium regime. Among these notions there is the concept of a steady-state transition, which is signaled by a nonanalytic change of physical properties as a function of a parameter of the nonequilibrium protocol in the asymptotic long-time state of the system [8,11,12]. An example is the universal logarithmic divergence of the Hall conductance in the steady state of topological insulators after a quench [16,17]. Another important concept is that of dynamical quantum phase transitions (DQPTs) [15], recently observed experimentally [18,19], which occur on transient and intermediate time scales accompanied by a nonanalytic behavior as a function of time instead of a conventional order parameter. In the context of such developments, it is then a natural question to ask, whether and how these two notions of phase transitions are connected.The DQPT and the steady-state transition under the symmetry-breaking picture have been recently connected in the long-range-interacting Ising chain [20] by relating the singularities of Loschmidt echo to the zeros of local order parameters. In this work, we study the connection between the DQPT and the steady-state transition in a topological system where the local order parameters are absent. The connection is schematically displayed in Fig. 1. The characteristic time scale t * associated with DQPTs diverges when tuning the energy gap of the postquench Hamiltonian towards the steady-state transition at the gap-closing point. The steady-state trans...

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“…Yet, in recent years pioneering experiments have created novel quantum states beyond this equilibrium paradigm [1,2]. Thanks to this progress, it is now possible to experimentally study exotic phenomena such as many-body localization [3,4], prethermalization [5, 6], particle-antiparticle production in the lattice Schwinger model [7], and light-induced superconductivity [8]. Understanding general properties of such nonequilibrium quantum states provides a significant challenge, calling for new concepts that extend important principles such as universality to the non-equilibrium realm.…”

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confidence: 99%

Direct Observation of Dynamical Quantum Phase Transitions in an Interacting Many-Body System

et al. 2017

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Dynamical quantum phase transitions (DQPTs) extend the concept of phase transitions and thus universality to the non-equilibrium regime. In this letter, we investigate DQPTs in a string of ions simulating interacting transverse-field Ising models. We observe non-equilibrium dynamics induced by a quantum quench and show for strings of up to 10 ions the direct detection of DQPTs by measuring a quantity that becomes non-analytic in time in the thermodynamic limit. Moreover, we provide a link between DQPTs and the dynamics of other relevant quantities such as the magnetization, and we establish a connection between DQPTs and entanglement production.Today, the equilibrium properties of quantum matter are theoretically described with remarkable success. Yet, in recent years pioneering experiments have created novel quantum states beyond this equilibrium paradigm [1,2]. Thanks to this progress, it is now possible to experimentally study exotic phenomena such as many-body localization [3,4], prethermalization [5, 6], particle-antiparticle production in the lattice Schwinger model [7], and light-induced superconductivity [8]. Understanding general properties of such nonequilibrium quantum states provides a significant challenge, calling for new concepts that extend important principles such as universality to the non-equilibrium realm. A general approach towards this major goal is the theory of dynamical quantum phase transitions (DQPTs) [9], which extends the concept of phase transitions and thus universality to the nonequilibrium regime. In this letter, we directly observe the defining real-time non-analyticities at DQPTs in a trappedion quantum simulator for interacting transverse-field Ising models. Moreover, we provide a link between DQPTs and the dynamics of other relevant quantities such as the magnetization, and we establish a connection between DQPTs and entanglement production. Our work advances towards experimentally characterizing nonequilibrium quantum states and their dynamics, by offering general experimental tools that can be applied also to other inherently dynamical phenomena.Statistical mechanics and thermodynamics provide us with an excellent understanding of equilibrium quantum manybody systems. A key concept in this framework is the canonical partition function Z(T ) = Tr(e −H/k B T ), with T the temperature, k B the Boltzmann constant, and H the system Hamiltonian. The partition function encodes thermodynamics via the free-energy density f = −(k B T/N) log [Z(T )], where N de- * Present address:ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia notes the number of degrees of freedom. A phase transition, i.e., a sudden change of macroscopic behaviour, is associated with a non-analytical behaviour of f as a function of temperature or another control parameter g such as an external magnetic field. Quantum phase transitions (QPTs) [10] occur when T is kept at absolute zero, where the system's groundstate properties undergo a non-analyt...

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Real-time dynamics of lattice gauge theories with a few-qubit quantum computer

Cited by 757 publications

References 37 publications

Sympathetic cooling of protons and antiprotons with a common endcap Penning trap

Sympathetic cooling of protons and antiprotons with a common endcap Penning trap

Connecting dynamical quantum phase transitions and topological steady-state transitions by tuning the energy gap

Direct Observation of Dynamical Quantum Phase Transitions in an Interacting Many-Body System

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