Real‐time detection system for tumor localization during minimally invasive surgery for gastric and colon cancer removal: In vivo feasibility study in a swine model
“…Minimally invasive surgery has received increasing attention due to the minimization of tissue damage and more rapid postoperative recovery [[1], [2], [3]]. During the operation, blood vessels are usually occluded by using hemoststic clips instead of medical sutures because of the small surgical incision [4].…”
At present, titanium (Ti) and its alloys are most commonly use in hemostasis clip clinical applications. However, the Ti Clip cannot be absorbed in human body and produce artifacts on computed tomography (CT), and induce clinically relevant hypersensitivity in patients. In order to overcome the drawbacks of the non-degradable Ti clips, an Mg–Zn–Ca alloy operative clip was fabricated by combining hot extrusion and blanking processing. In vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of Mg–Zn–Ca alloy operative clip were evaluated by L-929 Cells and SD rat model respectively. It was found that Mg–Zn–Ca alloy exhibited non-cytotoxic to L929 cells. In vivo implantation showed that the newly designed Mg–Zn–Ca clip can successfully ligated carotid artery and no blood leakage occurred post-surgery. During the period of the clip degradation, a small amount of H
2
gas formation and no tissue inflammation around the clips were observed. The degradation rate of the clip near the heart ligated the arteries faster than that of clip far away the heart due do the effect of arterial blood. Histological analysis and various blood biochemical parameters in rat serum samples collected at different times after clip implantation showed no tissue inflammation around the clips.
“…Minimally invasive surgery has received increasing attention due to the minimization of tissue damage and more rapid postoperative recovery [[1], [2], [3]]. During the operation, blood vessels are usually occluded by using hemoststic clips instead of medical sutures because of the small surgical incision [4].…”
At present, titanium (Ti) and its alloys are most commonly use in hemostasis clip clinical applications. However, the Ti Clip cannot be absorbed in human body and produce artifacts on computed tomography (CT), and induce clinically relevant hypersensitivity in patients. In order to overcome the drawbacks of the non-degradable Ti clips, an Mg–Zn–Ca alloy operative clip was fabricated by combining hot extrusion and blanking processing. In vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of Mg–Zn–Ca alloy operative clip were evaluated by L-929 Cells and SD rat model respectively. It was found that Mg–Zn–Ca alloy exhibited non-cytotoxic to L929 cells. In vivo implantation showed that the newly designed Mg–Zn–Ca clip can successfully ligated carotid artery and no blood leakage occurred post-surgery. During the period of the clip degradation, a small amount of H
2
gas formation and no tissue inflammation around the clips were observed. The degradation rate of the clip near the heart ligated the arteries faster than that of clip far away the heart due do the effect of arterial blood. Histological analysis and various blood biochemical parameters in rat serum samples collected at different times after clip implantation showed no tissue inflammation around the clips.
“…Furthermore, autologous blood localization is difficult and time-consuming, which makes this method economically disadvantageous. To overcome these disadvantages, techniques for locating a tumor using a sensor that can detect a clip are being studied [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. More specifically, a clip is attached to the tumor site, and research is underway on a method for locating this clip using a sensor, thereby locating the tumor that needs resection.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Radio frequency identification (RFID) [ 11 ] and the open–close clip closure method [ 14 ] have the advantage of being able to simultaneously detect tumors in the stomach and colon. In addition, the clip and the sensor are integrated to ensure robustness.…”
During laparoscopic surgery for colorectal or gastric cancers, locating the tumor for excision is difficult owing to it being obscured by mucous membranes. Therefore, a clip can be installed around the tumor, which can be located using a sensor. Most of the clip–detectors developed thus far can only detect tumors in either the colon or stomach and require a wire to connect the clip and detector. This study designs a clip and detector that can locate a tumor in the stomach and colon. The clip contains a neodymium magnet that generates a magnetic field, and the detector includes a Colpitts oscillator that allows magnetic coupling of the clip and detector. After installing the prepared clip at the tumor location, the detector is used to locate the clip. To test the clip and detector, we conducted animal experiments, during which four clips were installed in the colon and stomach of a mini pig. We succeeded in locating the clips within 2.17 and 3.14 s in the stomach and colon, respectively, which were shorter than the detection times reported in previous studies. The demand for laparoscopic surgery and endoscopes is predicted to increase owing to this method.
“…As one of the conventional marking methods, an endoscopic clip can be attached near the lesion by an endoscopic clip applier during a preoperative endoscopy. Since the clips are invisible from the outside of the serosal walls, however, the surgeon needs to palpate to localize the clips [5], [12]. Therefore, several localization systems have been proposed for laparoscopic surgery to localize the lesion accurately without palpation.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As IT technologies advance rapidly, several types of LLSs combining with various IT technologies have been proposed to overcome the drawbacks of ink-based LLSs. It was proposed to use an endoscopic clip attached with a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag as a marker [6], [12], [13]. The antenna in the corresponding LP supplies power to the tag in the organ while the LP detects the signal strength transmitted from the tag.…”
Laparoscopic surgery is a technique in which surgeons insert laparoscopic instruments into the body through a small incision and conduct surgical operations. It offers a shorter recovery period, less blood loss, and less postoperative pain compared to open surgeries. In order to maximize these benefits of this surgery technique, it is important to localize the lesion accurately without palpation, minimizing the surgical area. It is because surgeons cannot palpate the organ during laparoscopic surgeries. For an accurate localization, we propose a lesion localization system (LLS). This adopts an endoscopic clip with a smallsize magnet as a marker and an improved magnetometer as a probe for measuring the magnetic field from the magnet. The magnetometer, which consists of two Hall sensors, can cancel out the fluctuating magnetic baseline mainly caused by external environments so that it can detect a smaller change in the target magnetic field. As a result, the LLS improves the detection range up to 40 mm while using a weak magnet with a small volume of 17.1 mm 3 , which is compatible with the use of commercial clip appliers. An error of less than 0.1% is achieved at a distance of 40 mm, and the maximum error is kept below 6% even when the rotation angle is varied to ±90°. This LLS does not cause discomfort to the surgery operation because it uses a marker small enough and does not require external coils.
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