Real-time detection, classification, and quantification of apneic episodes using miniature surface motion sensors in rats

Abstract

Background: Real-time detection and classification of apneic episodes remain significant challenges. This study explores the applicability of a novel method of monitoring the respiratory effort and dynamics for rapid detection and classification of apneic episodes. Methods: Obstructive apnea (OA) and hypopnea/central apnea (CA) were induced in nine tracheostomized rats, by short-lived airway obstruction and administration of succinylcholine, respectively. Esophageal pressure (EP), EtCO 2 , arterial O 2 saturation (SpO 2 ), heart rate, and blood pressure were monitored. Respiratory dynamics were monitored utilizing three miniature motion sensors placed on the chest and epigastrium. Three indices were derived from these sensors: amplitude of the tidal chest wall displacement (TDi), breath time length (BTL), that included inspiration and rapid expiration phases, and amplitude time integral (ATI), the integral of breath amplitude over time. results: OA induced a progressive 6.42 ± 3.48-fold increase in EP from baseline, which paralleled a 3.04 ± 1.19-fold increase in TDi (P < 0.0012), a 1.39 ± 0.22-fold increase in BTL (P < 0.0002), and a 3.32 ± 1.40-fold rise in the ATI (P < 0.024). During central hypopneic/apneic episodes, each sensor revealed a gradual decrease in TDi, which culminated in absence of breathing attempts. conclusion: Noninvasive monitoring of chest wall dynamics enables detection and classification of central and obstructive apneic episodes, which tightly correlates with the EP.

Sensitive and Fast Humidity Sensor Based on A Redox Conducting Supramolecular Ionic Material for Respiration Monitoring

“…As one of the four most important human vital signs (i.e., pulse rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate [RR], and body temperature), respiration is an intrinsically essential life event in which gases are exchanged with the external environment and the body’s normal activities maintained. In this context, the development of new devices capable of the real-time monitoring of the RR is highly important for human health and clinical diagnosis. − To date, the continuous monitoring of respiratory function has been mainly restricted to hemoglobin-oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ) data derived from pulse oximetry, thermistor and surface acoustic waves, and piezoelectric transducers. − However, measuring SpO 2 is inadequate when supplemental oxygen is used, and the need for expensive instrumentation limits the use of the other methods mentioned. In this context, monitoring the humidity of exhaled air has recently been introduced as a new strategy to determine the RR because of its accuracy, portability, and reliability .…”

A companion to the preclinical common data elements for physiologic data in rodent epilepsy models. A report of the TASK3 Physiology Working Group of the ILAE/AES Joint Translational Task Force

“… Respiration sensor (e.g., BioVet, m2 m Imaging Corp., Cleveland, OH, USA). Fix the respiration sensor under the chest of the animal to measure the respiration movement of the chest . Implanted movement sensors can also be used for measuring breathing patterns such as the movement sensor 230 (Siemens) using a piezo crystal sensor …”

“…Fix the respiration sensor under the chest of the animal to measure the respiration movement of the chest. 40 Implanted movement sensors can also be used for measuring breathing patterns such as the movement sensor 230 (Siemens) using a piezo crystal sensor. 41 • Unrestrained whole body plethysmography (UWBP) can be used in epilepsy research to perform traditional measurements on pulmonary function: breath frequency, tidal volume, minute ventilation, inspiratory time, expiratory time, and so on.…”