Real-time depth of field using multi-layer filtering

Abstract

Figure 1: Our novel approach to rendering depth of field in real-time provides pleasant and plausible results (left), also for complicated cases where out-of-focus geometry in the near-field would occlude important scene geometry (right). AbstractWe present a novel technique for rendering depth of field that addresses difficult overlap cases, such as close, but out-of-focus, geometry in the near-field. Such scene configurations are not managed well by state-of-the-art post-processing approaches since essential information is missing due to occlusion.Our proposed algorithm renders the scene from a single camera position and computes a layered image using a single pass by constructing per-pixel lists. These lists can be filtered progressively to generate differently blurred representations of the scene. We show how this structure can be exploited to generate depth of field in real-time, even in complicated scene constellations.

Depth-of-Field Rendering Using Progressive Lens Sampling in Direct Volume Rendering

“…In addition, due to the limitation of approximation using information of surrounding pixels, intensity leakage (i.e., pixel intensities in a focused area flowing into a blurred area) and blurring discontinuity (i.e., discontinuity around blurred boundaries in front of a focal plane) inevitably occur in an region where objects partially overlap [5]. In order to overcome these problems, several methods have been proposed, such as assigning pixel weights [5], [10], dividing a pinhole image into multiple layers based on its depth [4], and storing various information about one pixel [11], [12].…”

Image Synthesis With Efficient Defocus Blur for Stereoscopic Displays

“…But frequency analysis still increases total cost. Some researches apply defocus effects before compositing the final image [35]- [37]. [35] uses per-pixel arrays for collection, progressive filtering and alpha blending to simulate large and near-field blurs due to foreground is blurry and transparent.…”

“…Some researches apply defocus effects before compositing the final image [35]- [37]. [35] uses per-pixel arrays for collection, progressive filtering and alpha blending to simulate large and near-field blurs due to foreground is blurry and transparent. [36] renders defocus blur by ray tracing into a layered color and depth buffer, but requires depth peeling to render the multilayer frame buffer and cause visible errors due to some occluded contours.…”

DeepFocus

“…Two classes of realtime algorithms have emerged. Methods from the first class apply defocus effects before compositing the final image [Křivánek et al 2003;Lee et al 2009Lee et al , 2008Selgrad et al 2015]. Such approaches achieve high visual quality, but come at the cost of resolving visibility.…”