Real-time cross-sectional echocardiographic imaging and measurement of the patent ductus arteriosus in infants and children.

Sahn, David J.; Allen, Hugh D.

doi:10.1161/01.cir.58.2.343

Cited by 108 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…At 32 wk, rats were anesthetized using intraperitoneal Zoletil, as previously described (6,30), and echocardiographic examination (Hewlett Packard Sonos 5500, 12-MHz transducer) was performed, in accordance with the guidelines of the American Society of Echocardiography, using the leading-edge method (34).…”

Section: Rats and Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic high-carbohydrate, high-fat feeding in rats induces reversible metabolic, cardiovascular, and liver changes

Poudyal

Panchal

Ward

et al. 2012

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Poudyal H, Panchal SK, Ward LC, Waanders J, Brown L. Chronic high-carbohydrate, high-fat feeding in rats induces reversible metabolic, cardiovascular, and liver changes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 302: E1472-E1482, 2012. First published March 20, 2012 doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00102.2012.-Age-related physiological changes develop at the same time as the increase in metabolic syndrome in humans after young adulthood. There is a paucity of data in models mimicking chronic diet-induced changes in human middle age and interventions to reverse these changes. This study measured the changes during chronic consumption of a high-carbohydrate (as cornstarch), low-fat (C) diet and a high-carbohydrate (as fructose and sucrose), high-fat (H) diet in rats for 32 wk. C diet feeding induced changes without metabolic syndrome, such as disproportionate increases in total body lean and fat mass, reduced bone mineral content, cardiovascular remodeling with increased systolic blood pressure, left ventricular and arterial stiffness, and increased plasma markers of liver injury. H diet feeding induced visceral adiposity with reduced lean mass, increased lipid infiltration in the skeletal muscle, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, cardiovascular remodeling, hepatic steatosis, and increased infiltration of inflammatory cells in the heart and the liver. Chia seed supplementation for 24 wk attenuated most structural and functional modifications induced by age or H diet, including increased whole body lean mass and lipid redistribution from the abdominal area, and normalized the chronic low-grade inflammation induced by H diet feeding; these effects may be mediated by increased metabolism of anti-inflammatory n-3 fatty acids from chia seed. These results suggest that chronic H diet feeding for 32 wk mimics the diet-induced cardiovascular and metabolic changes in middle age and that chia seed may serve as an alternative dietary strategy in the management of these changes. obesity; chia seed; omega-3 fatty acids; metabolic syndrome METABOLIC SYNDROME is defined as a cluster of risk factors, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and central obesity, leading to cardiovascular diseases (3). The worldwide pandemic of metabolic syndrome and, particularly, central obesity, has been attributed to increased consumption of lipogenic sugars, such as fructose, together with saturated fats (1, 37). The Western diet, characterized by excessive intake of saturated and trans fatty acids and a low n-3-to-n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio, has been associated with chronic diseases such as metabolic syndrome, renal diseases, and arthritis (2,12,24,36).Early onset of obesity is a key predictor of type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and obesity in young adulthood and middle age (9,13,19,20). Childhood or adolescent obesity is a direct cause of cardiovascular disease in young, middleaged, and elderly populations and increased all-cause mortality (25). The progression from childhood through middle age to old age is...

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Section: Rats and Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic high-carbohydrate, high-fat feeding in rats induces reversible metabolic, cardiovascular, and liver changes

Poudyal

Panchal

Ward

et al. 2012

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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“…Combining information concerning the pattern of the aortic arch branching (left or right innominate artery) with scans of the esophagus with and without swallowing and transducer positions, we were able to determine the sidedness of the aortic arch in all 255 patients. However, in 422 FIGURE 7. Suprasternal scans in a I -month-old infant with coarctation of the aorta and large patent ductus arteriosus who presented with severe congestive heart failure and equal pulses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of the aorta in infants and children with congenital heart disease.

Huhta¹,

Gutgesell²,

Latson³

et al. 1984

Circulation

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To determine the accuracy of two-dimensional echocardiography in the identification of congenital anomalies of the aorta, we compared two-dimensional echocardiographic with angiographic results in 261 consecutive infants and children with congenital heart disease (age 1 day to 20 years, mean 3.3 years). Two-dimensional echocardiography was performed and interpreted without knowledge of angiographic results. Complete visualization of the ascending and descending aorta and aortic arch branches was possible by two-dimensional echocardiographic examination in suprasternal, parasternal, and subcostal views of 255 patients (98%). Identification of the esophagus during swallowing aided the diagnosis of anatomic characteristics of aortic arch. One or more significant aortic arch anomalies were present on angiograms of 116 of 255 patients (46%) and were detected by twodimensional echocardiography in 110 (sensitivity 95%, 99% specificity). Anomalies detected by twodimensional echocardiography/angiography were ascending aorta hypoplasia in four/four, truncus arteriosus three/three, right aortic arch 31/31, anomalous subclavian artery 1 1/16, coarctation 27/29, and patent ductus arteriosus 53/57. We conclude that two-dimensional echocardiography can be used to determine the anatomy of the aorta in most infants and children. In selected patients, two-dimensional echocardiography may eliminate the need for angiographic examination before surgery for congenital heart disease. Circulation 70, No. 3, 417-424, 1984. NONINVASIVE IMAGING of intracardiac anatomy and various forms of congenital heart disease has been possible for several years. However, diagnosis of extracardiac abnormalities has only recently been attempted. Advances in imaging technology make feasible a detailed evaluation of the aorta in newborn infants and children. We therefore examined 261 consecutive children with congenital heart disease by two-dimensional echocardiography. A segmental approach to the aorta was necessary so that it could be visualized completely and this approach was made possible by a combination of parasternal, subcostal, and suprasternal echocardiographic scans. Findings of two-dimensional echocardiography were compared with those of angiography or at autopsy in an attempt to answer the two following questions: (1) What is the sensitivity of two-dimensional echocardiography in detecting an abnormality of the aorta in infants and children with congenital heart disease? (2)

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“…Short-axis scans were performed at the level of the great arteries, as initially deScribed by Henry et al [12]. After imaging the right Ventricle, right ventricular outflow tract, the pulmonary artery, and the region of the ductus arteriosus [27], the short-axis scanning plane was moved to the ventricular level• Here, attention was concentrated toward imaging at the level of the atrioventricular groove in order not to miss a severely hypoplastic left ventricle. Left ventricular hypoplasia was described in comparison with cavity vs wall distribution, and left ventricular to right ventricular size relationships.…”

Section: Examination Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5, the typical appearance of HLV is that of an enlarged right ventricle with a wide pulmonary artery exhibiting exaggerated tricuspid and pulmonary valvular movements. If the path of the pulmonary artery was followed, the size of the ductus could be evaluated as well [27]. The patent ductus arteriosus tended to be abnormal in shaoe and orientation; this is presumably an effect of aortic and left ventricular hypoplasia and of the abnormal flow patterns.…”

Section: Group C (Table 2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-sectional echocardiography in hypoplastic left ventricle: Echocardiographic—angiographic—anatomic correlations

et al. 1980

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SUMMARY. Although M-mode echocardiography has become a valuable tool in the noninvasive diagnosis of hypoplastic left ventricle (HLV), it may not resolve all diagnostic uncertainty. This Study compares the findings of M-mode echocardiography, cross-sectional echocardiography, and autopsy in a group of 20 infants with HLV. M-mode echocardiograms alone were obtained in eight infants; five of these children underwent cardiac catheterization, and six underwent autopsy. Cross-sectional echocardiograms were obtained in the remaining 12 infants; two of these Underwent cardiac catheterization, and all 12 underwent autopsy. Cross-sectional examinations Were performed with either a high-resolution mechanical sector scanner or a sequentially scanning linear array. Short-axis views were used for left ventricular size and shape and for aortic root, pulmonary artery, and ductus size; suprasternal notch views were used for imaging the aortic arch and subxiphoid views for the atrial cavities. In all 12 infants the findings from crosssectional echocardiography closely matched those of autopsy with respect to degree of hypoplasia of the mitral valve, the left ventricular cavity, and the left ventricular outflow tract. If the diameter of a valve orifice exceeded 3 mm at autopsy, patency of the valve could be diagnosed from the Cross-sectional echocardiogram. The findings when M-mode echocardiograms alone were done less closely matched the autopsy findings, and in five of the eight cardiac catheterization was judged necessary to resolve remaining diagnostic uncertainty. This study found that crosssectional echocardiography provided an accurate noninvasive diagnosis of the spectrum of anatomy found in HLV and had fewer pitfalls than M-mode echocardiography.KEY WORDS: Echocardiography --Hypoplastic left ventricle m Noninvasive bIypoplastic left ventricle (HLV) comprises a variety of lesions and combinations of lesions that result in inadequate left ventricular output [6,8,13,16,21,26,31,32]. There is a spectrum of size for HLV, for the aorta, and for the degree of development of the aortic and mitral valves in HLV. At present HLV is inoperable, and M-mode echoCardiography has been useful in distinguishing it from potentially operable lesions that have similar clinical manifestations [5, 19]. Nevertheless, our experience with M-mode echocardiography in the blLV spectrum suggested that the variations produced considerable diagnostic uncertainty. The

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Real-time cross-sectional echocardiographic imaging and measurement of the patent ductus arteriosus in infants and children.

Cited by 108 publications

References 21 publications

Chronic high-carbohydrate, high-fat feeding in rats induces reversible metabolic, cardiovascular, and liver changes

Chronic high-carbohydrate, high-fat feeding in rats induces reversible metabolic, cardiovascular, and liver changes

Two-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of the aorta in infants and children with congenital heart disease.

Cross-sectional echocardiography in hypoplastic left ventricle: Echocardiographic—angiographic—anatomic correlations

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