Real time control of arc fusion for optical fiber splicing

Zheng, Wenxin

doi:10.1109/50.248117

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…II . Fully automated PM splicer FSU925-PMA control of splicing process in order to obtain low splice loss equipped with software for passively aligning and splicing for high eccentricity (core to cladding) fibers [14] and erbium all types of PM-fibers and estimating the extinction ratio doped fibers [15] etc., can be combine to the rotation after splicing, alignment. Thus, we can always find better solution for the erbium doped PM fibers as well as the high eccentricity PM fibers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

<title>Auto-aligning and splicing PM fibers of different types with a passive method</title>

Zheng

1996

SPIE Proceedings

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Many different types of Polarization Maintaining (PM) fibers and Polarizing (PZ) fibers are playing important roles in most of fiber optical gyros and high speed communication networks. A new method for passively aligning and fusionsplicing those fiber types are developed with the help of the lens-effect tracing technique [1,2]. Instead of calculating the correlation directly between the two POL (Polarization Observation by the Lens-effect tracing, see [2]) profiles measured from the two sides of fibers, two simulated POL profiles are generated with a truncated trigonometric Fourier series expansion. The azimuthal position of each fiber and the angular offset between the fibers are then obtained by either an analytic method or an indirect correlation method. With the methods, different types of PM and PZ fibers, such as Bow-tie, PANDA, elliptical core and elliptical jacket, can be automatically aligned and spliced to each other with a mean extinction ratio higher than 30 dB, and mean difference between the actively measured and passively estimated extinction ratio about 1.0 dB.Various types of polarization maintaining (PM) fibers and polarizing (PZ) fibers are developed and produced by different venders with different designs. Even from the same vender, several variations of its PM and PZ fiber designs are normally available for specific requirement: like different wavelengths, cladding diameters, and mode field diameters. Those PM and PZ fibers, as well as those optical components with PM fiber pigtails, are more and more frequently employed in optical fiber sensors, erbium doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) for dense WDM systems, fiber-optic gyros (FOG), etc., in order to avoid polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in EDFAs and polarization drift error in FOGs. The fast technical development for producing FOGs and EDFAs is progressively transferring prototypes in labs to production lines in industry. Therefore, an automated, passive (no light injection to fiber core), and fiber-type independent PM-fiber splicing method is called for.In previous reports, several approaches were developed in combination with automated fusion splicers, which are equipped with digital imaging systems. However, they are all hardly to meet the entire requirements. For instance, the intensity profile analyzing method using a side-view-image is developed mainly for PANDA fiber (see [3] and [4J) and is fiber-type dependent. The algorithm of the method developed for one fiber type normally does not work for other fiber types. The end-view image processing technique (see [5], [6], and [7]) is also developed. With this technique, the azimuthal offset deviation caused by imperfect cleaving angles during the fusion [8] cannot be checked passively after splicing. Thus, it is impossible to estimate extinction ratio degradation of a splice without active measurement. Another side-view-image method using the direct correlation between the POL (Polarization Observation by the Lens-effect tracing, see [2]) profiles meets the complete requirement if the fi...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

<title>Auto-aligning and splicing PM fibers of different types with a passive method</title>

Zheng

1996

SPIE Proceedings

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“…Fortunately, the altitude can already be measured with great accuracy [15,16]. In addition to axial offset and angle tilt of the fiber [9,11,13], mode field diameter mismatch and end face gap of the fiber can also have a great impact on the splice loss [17][18][19][20], so do the fusion-splicing device and parameters in the fusion process [21][22][23]. In recent years, some researchers have carried out statistical modeling and analysis on splice loss [24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Splice Loss of Single-Mode Optical Fiber in the High Altitude Environment

Yuan

2021

Coatings

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Up to now, there have been no complete theoretical researches and field experiment reports on the fiber fusion loss at high altitude. Therefore, we have conducted an exploratory study on the fiber splicing loss at high altitude, and firstly analyze the influence of mode field diameter mismatch, axial offset, angle tilt or end face gap affected by high altitude on splice loss, and then discuss the influence of fusion-splicing parameters on splice loss. Besides, a mathematical model for reducing the splicing loss of single-mode fiber at high altitude is established by combining the effects of temperature, humidity, oxygen content, atmospheric pressure, gale and gravity. We have conducted repeated field fusion experiments in different altitude areas (53, 2980, 4000, 4200, 4300, 5020, and 5200 m) more than once, hence obtaining a large number of field experimental data, making a deep comparison between typical “plain” area and typical “high altitude” area. The splice loss of most fusion points achieved successfully has been reduced by at least 0.07 dB. The simulation results are basically consistent with the theoretical analysis. Ultimately, the method proposed has been directly applied to on-site splicing engineering in high altitude environment and achieves good results.

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“…1. Optimization of the process of fibers thermal connection with different parameters involves matching mode fields of fibers connected with the use of core dopant diffusion method [5,17] and minimization of thermally diffused dopant transit area TEC loss [16][17][18][19] -Fig. 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to do so, work consuming methods of welding in pieces of fibers with successively increasing mode field radii can be applied between the spliced fibers [16]. However, it is better to create, by the method of core dopant controlled diffusion, an area of thermal diffusion TEC (Thermally Expanded Core), where mode fields matching takes place [5,17,18] - Fig. 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The study of thermal connecting of telecommunication optical fibers (SiO2: GeO2) and EDF (SiO2: Al2O3, Er) fibers

Ratuszek¹,

Hejna²

2013

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences

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Abstract. This paper presents the research on optimization of the splicing process in the electric arc of telecommunication optical fibers and erbium doped EDF fibers. The results of the calculations of diffusion coefficients GeO2 in telecommunication optical fibers and diffusion coefficients Er and Al2O3 (together) in the fiber EDF are presented. Diffusion coefficients were determined for the fusion temperature in the electric arc ≈ 2000• C, on the basis of changes, along the splice, of spliced thermoluminescence intensity profiles of the fibers. On the basis of knowledge of diffusion coefficients simulation calculation of loss joints of MC SMF fiber (Matched Cladding Single Mode Fiber -SiO2: GeO2) and NZDS SMF (Non Zero Dispersion Shifted -Single Mode Fiber -SiO2: GeO2) with EDF (Erbium Doped Fiber -SiO2: Al2O3, Er) was performed and presented as a function of diffusion time. Experimental studies of optimization of thermal connected MC SMF and NZDS SMF with EDF were presented and compared with theoretical results. This paper presents the results of microscopic observations of defects and diffusion, and X-ray microanalysis in the spliced areas of single-mode telecommunication optical fibers: MC SMF, NZDS-SMF and erbium doped active single mode optical fibers. Studies were performed with the use of the scanning electron microscope JSM5800LV and JSM6610A microscope equipped with EDS X-ray spectrometer. Results showing the influence of heating time on the diffusion of core dopants and the formation of deformations in the splice areas were presented.

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Real time control of arc fusion for optical fiber splicing

Cited by 16 publications

References 8 publications

<title>Auto-aligning and splicing PM fibers of different types with a passive method</title>

<title>Auto-aligning and splicing PM fibers of different types with a passive method</title>

Analysis of Splice Loss of Single-Mode Optical Fiber in the High Altitude Environment

The study of thermal connecting of telecommunication optical fibers (SiO2: GeO2) and EDF (SiO2: Al2O3, Er) fibers

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