Real-time computer modeling in prevention of foot pressure ulcer using patient-specific finite element model and model order reduction techniques

Niroomandi, Siamak; Perrier, Antoine; Bucki, Marek

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815028-3.00005-5

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Eight pressure sensors were knitted in the sock. During gait, the foot pressures were measured and transmitted, by means of a Bluetooth connection, to a smartphone [ 42 , 43 ].…”

Section: Description Of Proposed Methods Using Smart Socks In Healmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smart Socks and In-Shoe Systems: State-of-the-Art for Two Popular Technologies for Foot Motion Analysis, Sports, and Medical Applications

Drăgulinescu

Zinca

Bucur

et al. 2020

Sensors

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The present paper reviews, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the most recent advances in research concerning two popular devices used for foot motion analysis and health monitoring: smart socks and in-shoe systems. The first one is representative of textile-based systems, whereas the second one is one of the most used pressure sensitive insole (PSI) systems that is used as an alternative to smart socks. The proposed methods are reviewed for smart sock use in special medical applications, for gait and foot pressure analysis. The Pedar system is also shown, together with studies of validation and repeatability for Pedar and other in-shoe systems. Then, the applications of Pedar are presented, mainly in medicine and sports. Our purpose was to offer the researchers in this field a useful means to overview and select relevant information. Moreover, our review can be a starting point for new, relevant research towards improving the design and functionality of the systems, as well as extending the research towards other areas of applications using sensors in smart textiles and in-shoe systems.

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“…Eight pressure sensors were knitted in the sock. During gait, the foot pressures were measured and transmitted, by means of a Bluetooth connection, to a smartphone [ 42 , 43 ].…”

Section: Description Of Proposed Methods Using Smart Socks In Healmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…External device Data processing and information extraction for estimating foot ulcer risks in the patient Eight pressure sensors were knitted in the sock. During gait, the foot pressures were measured and transmitted, by means of a Bluetooth connection, to a smartphone [42,43].…”

Section: Central Unit Gathering Data and Forwarding To External Devicementioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Socks and In-Shoe Systems: State-of-the-Art for Two Popular Technologies for Foot Motion Analysis, Sports, and Medical Applications

Drăgulinescu

Zinca

Bucur

et al. 2020

Sensors

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“…These types of sensors are easily readable, user-friendly and can be placed on different supports such as at the level of the insoles and smart socks. The evaluation of the pressures exerted at the level of the foot has been carried out for over half a century and it is increasingly used [49][50][51]. Indeed, the possibility of assessing the pressures exerted on the patient's foot even during ET is of great importance in the prevention of ulcers especially in patients with loss of protective sensation or those patients with lesser or absent ability to perceive harmful events such as excessive plantar pressure and stress [35,36,52].…”

Section: Remotely Supervised Exercise Intervention: a Closed Loop Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flows of information both peripherally and centrally can also be used in real time to monitor, analyze and guide the activity of patients themselves (e.g., Smart Prevent Diabetic Feet Application -SPDFA) [22]. Thanks to outgoing means of communication (i.e., alarms, messages and calls), the same central units can communicate with patients, with the devices they used or they can manage the spaces in which the activities are being performed [50,51,65]. These outputs may involve changes in the environment or in the behavior of patients themselves and generate feedback.…”

Section: Remotely Supervised Exercise Intervention: a Closed Loop Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of New Technological Opportunities and the Need to Evaluate the Activities Performed in the Prevention of Diabetic Foot with Exercise Therapy

et al. 2021

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The diabetic foot (DF) is one of the most feared conditions among chronic complications of diabetes, which affects a growing number of patients. Although exercise therapy (ET) has always been considered a pillar in the treatment of patients at risk of DF it is not usually used. Several causes can contribute to hindering both the organization of ET protocols for Diabetes Units and the participation in ET programs for patients at different levels of risk of foot ulceration. The risk of favoring the occurrence of ulcers and the absence of clear evidence on the role played by ET in the prevention of ulcers could be considered among the most important causes leading to the low application of ET. The increased availability of new technologies and in particular of systems and devices equipped with sensors can enable the remote monitoring and management of physical activity performed by patients. Consequently, they can become an opportunity for introducing the systematic use of ET for the treatment of patients at risk. Considering the complexity of the clinical conditions that patients at risk or with diabetic foot ulcer can show, the evaluation of how patients perform the ET proposed can consequently be very important. All this can contribute to improving the treatment of patients and avoiding possible adverse effects. The aim of this brief review was to describe that the use of new technologies and the assessment of the execution of the ET proposed allows an important step forward in the management of patients at risk.

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“…To avoid foot ulcerations, an accurate regular feet examination from physical/structural abnormalities (like calluses, hammertoe, abnormal bony structures, or other aberrations to typical anatomy) should be performed by evaluating the pressure on plantar tissue, both on bare feet and in footwear. The most used methods for the measurements of plantar pressure are the following: (a) pressure platforms [ 18 ], which provide a direct quantitative measure of plantar pressure; (b) force platforms combined with visualization techniques [ 19 ], which overcome the limitation of simple platform allowing to measure also the deformation force on the foot; (c) ex vivo analysis conducted on tissue samples to evaluate the stress endured by the tissue below the skin surface [ 20 ]; and, finally, (d) finite element analysis [ 21 ], which models and simulates the foot tissue for evaluating its mechanical behavior (stress-strain relationship) under different loading conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling, Fabrication and Integration of Wearable Smart Sensors in a Monitoring Platform for Diabetic Patients

Pascali

Francioso

Giampetruzzi

et al. 2021

Sensors

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The monitoring of some parameters, such as pressure loads, temperature, and glucose level in sweat on the plantar surface, is one of the most promising approaches for evaluating the health state of the diabetic foot and for preventing the onset of inflammatory events later degenerating in ulcerative lesions. This work presents the results of sensors microfabrication, experimental characterization and FEA-based thermal analysis of a 3D foot-insole model, aimed to advance in the development of a fully custom smart multisensory hardware–software monitoring platform for the diabetic foot. In this system, the simultaneous detection of temperature-, pressure- and sweat-based glucose level by means of full custom microfabricated sensors distributed on eight reading points of a smart insole will be possible, and the unit for data acquisition and wireless transmission will be fully integrated into the platform. Finite element analysis simulations, based on an accurate bioheat transfer model of the metabolic response of the foot tissue, demonstrated that subcutaneous inflamed lesions located up to the muscle layer, and ischemic damage located not below the reticular/fat layer, can be successfully detected. The microfabrication processes and preliminary results of functional characterization of flexible piezoelectric pressure sensors and glucose sensors are presented. Full custom pressure sensors generate an electric charge in the range 0–20 pC, proportional to the applied load in the range 0–4 N, with a figure of merit of 4.7 ± 1 GPa. The disposable glucose sensors exhibit a 0–6 mM (0–108 mg/dL) glucose concentration optimized linear response (for sweat-sensing), with a LOD of 3.27 µM (0.058 mg/dL) and a sensitivity of 21 µA/mM cm2 in the PBS solution. The technical prerequisites and experimental sensing performances were assessed, as preliminary step before future integration into a second prototype, based on a full custom smart insole with enhanced sensing functionalities.

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Real-time computer modeling in prevention of foot pressure ulcer using patient-specific finite element model and model order reduction techniques

Cited by 4 publications

References 19 publications

Smart Socks and In-Shoe Systems: State-of-the-Art for Two Popular Technologies for Foot Motion Analysis, Sports, and Medical Applications

Smart Socks and In-Shoe Systems: State-of-the-Art for Two Popular Technologies for Foot Motion Analysis, Sports, and Medical Applications

The Role of New Technological Opportunities and the Need to Evaluate the Activities Performed in the Prevention of Diabetic Foot with Exercise Therapy

Modeling, Fabrication and Integration of Wearable Smart Sensors in a Monitoring Platform for Diabetic Patients

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