Real-time breath gas analysis of CO and CO2 using an EC-QCL

Ghorbani, Ramin; Schmidt, Florian M.

doi:10.1007/s00340-017-6715-x

Cited by 62 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…7(b), eCO 2 expirograms recorded simultaneously with eCO by capnography close to the mouth are shown for comparison. The identical exhalation time for the two gases confirms true real-time detection without sample line delay, as previously verified for this sampling system [24]. Typical e 12 CO and e 13 CO exhalation profiles from a healthy occasional smoker before smoking (19 h after the last cigarette) and 15 s after smoking are displayed in Fig.…”

Section: Carbon Monoxide In Indoor Air and Exhaled Breathsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…If necessary, exhaled H 2 O can be removed prior to analysis using a cold trap or Nafion tube. On the other hand, if the breath sampling system is unheated, as in this work, the H 2 O concentration in the sample cell might be considerably lower than 5% due to condensation [24]. …”

Section: Line Selectionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Recently, we introduced a TDLAS sensor employing an external-cavity QCL for simultaneous detection of CO and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) exhalation profiles [24]. Isotopes of CO in breath have been measured with a lead salt diode laser system [25] and cavity ring down spectroscopy [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ICL-based TDLAS sensor for real-time breath gas analysis of carbon monoxide isotopes

Ghorbani¹,

Schmidt²

2017

Opt. Express

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102

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We present a compact sensor for carbon monoxide (CO) in air and exhaled breath based on a room temperature interband cascade laser (ICL) operating at 4.69 µm, a lowvolume circular multipass cell and wavelength modulation absorption spectroscopy. A fringelimited (1σ) sensitivity of 6.5 × 10 −8 cm −1 Hz -1/2 and a detection limit of 9 ± 5 ppbv at 0.07 s acquisition time are achieved, which constitutes a 25-fold improvement compared to direct absorption spectroscopy. Integration over 10 s increases the precision to 0.6 ppbv. The setup also allows measuring the stable isotope 13 CO in breath. We demonstrate quantification of indoor air CO and real-time detection of CO expirograms from healthy non-smokers and a healthy smoker before and after smoking. Isotope ratio analysis indicates depletion of 13 CO in breath compared to natural abundance.

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Section: Carbon Monoxide In Indoor Air and Exhaled Breathsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Line Selectionmentioning

confidence: 83%

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ICL-based TDLAS sensor for real-time breath gas analysis of carbon monoxide isotopes

Ghorbani¹,

Schmidt²

2017

Opt. Express

Self Cite

102

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“…For extended multispecies detection, two (or several) narrowband lasers can be combined [34,35]. Another approach is to use external-cavity diode lasers (ECDLs) and external-cavity quantum cascade lasers (EC-QCLs), where the laser is mounted in an optical cavity comprising a wavelength selective device, which provides a narrow linewidth and broadband wavelength tuning range (up to 100 cm −1 ) [36]. Setups based on direct absorption spectroscopy, which can only be used to detect the highly abundant species in breath carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and water vapor (H 2 O) [35][36][37], usually achieve a Noise Equivalent Absorption Sensitivity (NEAS) of 10 −3 -10 −5 cm −1 Hz −1/2 .…”

Section: Optical Spectroscopy-basic Principles and Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser spectroscopy for breath analysis: towards clinical implementation

et al. 2018

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Detection and analysis of volatile compounds in exhaled breath represents an attractive tool for monitoring the metabolic status of a patient and disease diagnosis, since it is non-invasive and fast. Numerous studies have already demonstrated the benefit of breath analysis in clinical settings/applications and encouraged multidisciplinary research to reveal new insights regarding the origins, pathways, and pathophysiological roles of breath components. Many breath analysis methods are currently available to help explore these directions, ranging from mass spectrometry to laser-based spectroscopy and sensor arrays. This review presents an update of the current status of optical methods, using near and mid-infrared sources, for clinical breath gas analysis over the last decade and describes recent technological developments and their applications. The review includes: tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy, cavity ring-down spectroscopy, integrated cavity output spectroscopy, cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy, photoacoustic spectroscopy, quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy, and optical frequency comb spectroscopy. A SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) is presented that describes the laser-based techniques within the clinical framework of breath research and their appealing features for clinical use.

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“…In order to avoid disasters and guarantee safety production in coal mines, CO concentration monitoring must be performed effectively in real time. Among the numerous gas sensing techniques, optical methods have been studied worldwide in recent years due to its advantages including high sensitivity, fast response time, nonintrusive nature, wide sensing range, and long lifespan [5][6][7]. Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) using lasers as light sources is a powerful and widely used technique for gas sensing applications including environmental monitoring, industrial process control, chemical analysis, and combustion diagnostics [8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Integration of a CO Detection System Based on Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy Using Near-Infrared DFB Laser

Zhang

Chi

2018

Journal of Spectroscopy

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A wavelength modulation spectroscopy-(WMS-) based gas sensing system was established to measure concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) in the range 0-100%. The CO absorption line at 1563.06 nm was scanned with a tunable distributed feedback (DFB) laser, and two InGaAs photodiodes were applied to perform optic-electric conversion. Without using commercial instruments, essential electrical circuits were self-developed and integrated, including laser temperature controller, laser current driver, signal generator, and digital lock-in amplifier. The gas cell deployed in the system was fiber coupled with a total effective optical path length of 50 cm. The second-order harmonic signal was extracted, and experiments of gas detection were carried out to investigate the performance of the sensor, including detection repeatability, detection accuracy, response time, and limit of detection (LoD). Experiment results show that the sensor is reliable and has acceptable probing performance. The maximum relative detection error is less than 3.8%, suggesting good detection stability. Benefiting from the self-developed sensor, the whole CO detection system has small size, affordable expense, and application potential.

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Real-time breath gas analysis of CO and CO2 using an EC-QCL

Cited by 62 publications

References 36 publications

ICL-based TDLAS sensor for real-time breath gas analysis of carbon monoxide isotopes

ICL-based TDLAS sensor for real-time breath gas analysis of carbon monoxide isotopes

Laser spectroscopy for breath analysis: towards clinical implementation

Development and Integration of a CO Detection System Based on Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy Using Near-Infrared DFB Laser

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