Real time black carbon measurements in West and Central Africa urban sites

Doumbia, El Hadji Thierno; Liousse, Catherine; Galy‐Lacaux, Corinne; Ndiaye, S. A.; Diop, Babacar; Ouafo, M.; Assamoi, E.; Gardrat, Eric; Castéra, Pierre; Rosset, R.; Akpo, Aristide; Sigha, Luc

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.02.005

Cited by 65 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The deconvolution led to an average decrease of 45 % of BC concentrations (factor of 2.2), which is much higher than the 11 % decrease observed by Doumbia et al (2012) in Dakar, where local BC sources are predominant. In our study the decrease even reached 83 % under the influence of Saharan dust events and therefore the influence of DD on absorption measurements could never be neglected.…”

Section: Estimation Of Absorbing Compound Concentrations In Pmmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The higher concentrations can be attributed to local anthropogenic combustion processes as BC concentrations present a significant correlation (r = 0.79) with the ACSM m/z 57 tracer of all types of combustion. BC concentrations measured in Mbour are on average much lower than those measured in Dakar during POLCA (Doumbia et al, 2012), where BC yearly average was 10.5 ± 3.5 µg m −3 . The lower concentrations measured here can be explained by the differences in sampling site type and population, with the IRD center being located at the outskirts of the city of Mbour (180 000-200 000 inhabitants) area while the site in Dakar (about 3 million inhabitants within the metropolitan area) was located in an urban area.…”

Section: Estimation Of Absorbing Compound Concentrations In Pmmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Doumbia et al (2012), only considering biomass burning and fossil fuel combustion as contributing to the absorption measurements during their field campaign in Dakar, also reported 12 % of biomass burning emitted by regional sources against 88 % by fossil fuel. Our measurements over a period of 3 months at a high time resolution suggest, as mentioned before, that biomass burning from local sources is rather negligible in the Mbour area during the transition period from dry to wet seasons.…”

Section: Source Apportionment Of Ommentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other field campaigns such as POLCA (POLlution des Capitales Africaines: the Pollution of African Capitals) highlighted the presence of anthropogenic sources of aerosols linked to the strong demographic growth, limited traffic pollution regulations and traditional activities such as slash-and-burn cultivation that generate huge amounts of BB aerosols (Liousse et al, 2010). Its focus was rather on the chemical characterization of PM 2.5 , especially black carbon (Doumbia et al, 2012), and the impact on health (Val et al, 2013). Nevertheless, to the best of our knowledge, only one other study has performed online and real-time chemical characterization of major PM 1 constituents on the African continent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical characterization and source apportionment of submicron aerosols measured in Senegal during the 2015 SHADOW campaign

Rivellini¹,

Chiapello²,

Tison³

et al. 2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. The present study offers the first chemical characterization of the submicron (PM 1 ) fraction in western Africa at a high time resolution, thanks to collocated measurements of nonrefractory (NR) species with an Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM), black carbon and iron concentrations derived from absorption coefficient measurements with a 7-wavelength Aethalometer, and total PM 1 determined by a TEOM-FDMS (tapered element oscillating microbalance-filtered dynamic measurement system) for mass closure. The field campaign was carried out over 3 months (March to June 2015) as part of the SHADOW (SaHAran Dust Over West Africa) project at a coastal site located in the outskirts of the city of Mbour, Senegal. With an averaged mass concentration of 5.4 µg m −3 , levels of NR PM 1 in Mbour were 3 to 10 times lower than those generally measured in urban and suburban polluted environments. Nonetheless the first half of the observation period was marked by intense but short pollution events (NR PM 1 concentrations higher than 15 µg m −3 ), sea breeze phenomena and Saharan desert dust outbreaks (PM 10 up to 900 µg m −3 ). During the second half of the campaign, the sampling site was mainly under the influence of marine air masses. The air masses on days under continental and sea breeze influences were dominated by organics (36-40 %), whereas sulfate particles were predominant (40 %) for days under oceanic influence. Overall, measurements showed that about threequarters of the total PM 1 were explained by NR PM 1 , BC (black carbon) and Fe (a proxy for dust) concentrations, leaving approximately one-quarter for other refractory species. A mean value of 4.6 % for the Fe / PM 1 ratio was obtained. Source apportionment of the organic fraction, using positive matrix factorization (PMF), highlighted the impact of local combustion sources, such as traffic and residential activities, which contribute on average to 52 % of the total organic fraction. A new organic aerosol (OA) source, representing on average 3 % of the total OA fraction, showed similar variation to nonrefractory particulate chloride. Its rose plot and daily pattern pointed to local combustion processes, i.e., two open waste-burning areas located about 6 and 11 km away from the receptor site and to a lesser extent a traditional fish-smoking location. The remaining fraction was identified as oxygenated organic aerosols (OOA), a factor that prevailed regardless of the day type (45 %) and was representative of regional (approximately three-quarters) but also local (approximately one-quarter) sources due to enhanced photochemical processes.

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Section: Estimation Of Absorbing Compound Concentrations In Pmmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Estimation Of Absorbing Compound Concentrations In Pmmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Source Apportionment Of Ommentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Chemical characterization and source apportionment of submicron aerosols measured in Senegal during the 2015 SHADOW campaign

Rivellini¹,

Chiapello²,

Tison³

et al. 2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, the economic growth over the region drives up anthropogenic emissions. There are increases in industries, including gas flaring (Asuoha and Osu, 2015); local fuel-wood burning for stoves; and traffic Hadji et al, 2012;Liousse et al, 2014). Moreover, the increase in two-wheel vehicles, using very poor quality fuel is suspected to quickly worsen air quality (Ndoke and Jimoh, 2005;.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions of atmospheric gases and aerosols with the monsoon dynamics over the Sudano-Guinean region during AMMA

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Carbon monoxide, CO, and fine atmospheric particulate matter, PM 2.5 , are analyzed over the Guinean Gulf coastal region using the WRF-CHIMERE modeling system and observations during the beginning of the monsoon 2006 (from May to July), corresponding to the Africa Multidisciplinary Monsoon Analysis (AMMA) campaign period.Along the Guinean Gulf coast, the contribution of longrange pollution transport to CO or PM 2.5 concentrations is important. The contribution of desert dust PM 2.5 concentration decreases from ∼ 38 % in May to ∼ 5 % in July. The contribution of biomass burning PM 2.5 concentration from Central Africa increases from ∼ 10 % in May to ∼ 52 % in July. The anthropogenic contribution is ∼ 30 % for CO and ∼ 10 % for PM 2.5 during the whole period.

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A Global Perspective of Fine Particulate Matter Pollution and Its Health Effects

Mukherjee

Agrawal

2017

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

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Fine particulate matter (PM) in the ambient air is implicated in a variety of human health issues throughout the globe. Regulation of fine PM in the atmosphere requires information on the dimension of the problem with respect to variations in concentrations and sources. To understand the current status of fine particles in the atmosphere and their potential harmful health effects in different regions of the world this review article was prepared based on peer-reviewed scientific papers, scientific reports, and database from government organizations published after the year 2000 to evaluate the global scenario of the PM (particles <2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter), its exceedance of national and international standards, sources, mechanism of toxicity, and harmful health effects of PM and its components. PM levels and exceedances of national and international standards were several times higher in Asian countries, while levels in Europe and USA were mostly well below the respective standards. Vehicular traffic has a significant influence on PM levels in urban areas; followed by combustion activities (biomass, industrial, and waste burning) and road dust. In urban atmosphere, fine particles are mostly associated with different health effects with old aged people, pregnant women, and more so children being the most susceptible ones. Fine PM chemical constituents severely effect health due to their carcinogenic or mutagenic nature. Most of the research indicated an exceedance of fine PM level of the standards with a diverse array of health effects based on PM chemical constituents. Emission reduction policies with epidemiological studies are needed to understand the benefits of sustainable control measures for fine PM mitigation.

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Real time black carbon measurements in West and Central Africa urban sites

Cited by 65 publications

References 36 publications

Chemical characterization and source apportionment of submicron aerosols measured in Senegal during the 2015 SHADOW campaign

Chemical characterization and source apportionment of submicron aerosols measured in Senegal during the 2015 SHADOW campaign

Interactions of atmospheric gases and aerosols with the monsoon dynamics over the Sudano-Guinean region during AMMA

A Global Perspective of Fine Particulate Matter Pollution and Its Health Effects

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