Real‐time and on‐line monitoring of morphological cell parameters using electrical impedance spectroscopy measurements

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Acquisition of electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements enables one to obtain information about the features of cell cultures, which can be applied for real-time and on-linemonitoring purposes.\ud RESULTS: Impedance measurements were carried out in three different cell specimens with different sizes and shapes (Vero cells, hybridoma and Escherichia coli) at different stages of cell culture, as well as during a controlled detachment process of\ud an adherent animal cell line. The relaxation spectra obtained were fitted to a Cole impedance model and the corresponding\ud parameters analyzed. The use of a four-electrodes measurement system decreased the dependency on the electrode interface’s\ud impedance, and thus resulted in a systemmore sensitive to the cell features. The EISmonitoring of different cultures expansion\ud showed the expected inverse proportional relationship between the central relaxation frequency and the cell cross-sectional\ud area. The morphological changes of fibroblast cells during the detachment processes were also studied. Interestingly, EIS\ud displayed the proportional relationship between the ¿ parameter of the Cole impedance model and the cell shape dispersion\ud from sphericalmorphology (considering spherical shape ideality).\ud CONCLUSION: The results obtained reveal the potential for developing a real-time monitoring tool for cell morphology features\ud such as cell size and shape, which are involved inmany cellular processes like cell expansion, differentiation, cell attachment or\ud cell death.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Geometric correction factor for transepithelial electrical resistance measurements in transwell and microfluidic cell cultures

“…Therefore, it is important to assess current measurement methods to clarify whether errors in the measurement could account for the differences between TEER values. TEER can be obtained measuring the resistance across the cell layer at a single frequency between 0 to 100 Hz or using electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) [18,20,21]. The latter, in addition to the TEER, provides information about the capacitance of the cell layer.…”

Multimodal Label-free Monitoring of Adipogenic Stem Cell Differentiation using Endogenous Optical Biomarkers

“…Previously, several label-free approaches such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) [16][17][18], Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) [19], Raman spectroscopy [20], and coherent anti-stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) [21] were utilized to investigate the progression of stem cell differentiation. Although promising, EIS measurements cannot clearly identify the rate of differentiation in stem cells as there are no significant changes in the impedance signals between cell membrane and electrodes during the progression of differentiation [22]. Due to strong absorption of IR light in water, FTIR spectra of cells maintained under physiological conditions can be distorted and are challenging to carry out.…”

Multiplexing microelectrodes for dielectrophoretic manipulation and electrical impedance measurement of single particles and cells in a microfluidic device

“…Microfluidic devices, integrated with single-cell manipulation and measurement based on electrical methods and optical principles, are emerging recently [18][19][20][21], which enable comprehensive measurements of single cells. Due to the easy integration of microelectrodes into microfluidic devices, electrical techniques, such as electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), have been applied in single-cell analysis [22][23][24][25][26]. Ying Zhou et al [27] successfully used EIS to accurately measure impedance of mouse embryonic stem cell at different differentiation stages.…”