Real-time 3D visualization of DEM combined with a robust DCT based data-hiding method

Abstract-In this paper a new method is presented for 3-D terrain visualization via reversible JPEG2000-based blind data hiding with special focus on data synchronization and scalability. Online real-time 3-D terrain visualization involves considerable amount of data. The process is essentially the mapping of the aerial photograph, called texture, onto its corresponding digital elevation model (DEM) implying at least two distinct data inputs. The presence of large disparate data necessitates a compression strategy on one hand and the integration of the DEM and texture into one unit on the other. Whilst the compression must accommodate the scalability requirement originated by the diversity of clients, the unification of data ought to be synchronous. For scalability this paper relies on the multiresolution nature of the DWT-based JPEG2000 standard whereas the synchronized unification of DEM with the texture is realized by the application of a perceptually transparent data hiding strategy in the DWT domain. The proposed method is blind in the sense that only a secret key, if any, and the size of the original DEM are needed to extract the data from the texture image. We believe that this is one of the pioneering methods to propose scalable embedding of DEM in the texture image. The method is cost effective, in terms of memory and bandwidths, which is an advantage, especially, in real-time environments when quicker transfer of data is required. The results of a 3-D visualization simulation effected with our method were encouraging and gave a useful insight to the effectiveness of our method in various bandwidth scenarios.

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“…Essentially, 3-D terrain representation implies to use two kinds of data combined for the visualization [19].…”

Section: A 3-d Terrain Visualizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalable 3-D Terrain Visualization Through Reversible JPEG2000-Based Blind Data Hiding

Hayat

Puech

Gesquière

2008

IEEE Trans. Multimedia

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“…Digital elevation model (DEM) data is one of the most common data in geographic analysis, and its application scenarios are fairly extensive [1][2][3][4]. The security of the DEM data has always been the research hotspot [5][6][7], in which digital watermarking is the main approach for copyright protection and integrity authentication for the DEM data [8,9]. Digital watermarking refers to the practice of imperceptibly modifying the data to embed watermark information, whether in the space domain or the transform domain [10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zero Watermarking for the TIN DEM Data Based on the Edge Length

Zhou

Zhu

Ren

2021

IJGI

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How to keep the fidelity of the digital elevation model (DEM) data is a crucial problem in the current watermarking research, as the watermarked DEM data need to preserve their accuracy. We proposed a zero watermarking method for the triangulated irregular network (TIN) DEM data. It takes full advantage of the characteristics of the edge length in the TIN DEM data. First, the radio of the edge lengths is quantified to the watermark index, and then the comparison of the edge lengths is quantified to the watermark bit. Finally, the watermark is constructed by combing the watermark bits according to the watermark indices with the help of the majority voting mechanism. In the method, the TIN DEM data are only used to construct the watermark, not to be embedded by the watermark. Therefore, the data quality is preserved to the greatest extent. Experiments verify the theoretical achievements of this method and demonstrate the method is lossless to the TIN DEM data. Simulation results also show that the method has good robustness on translation, rotation, scaling, and cropping attacks.

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“…2 This work is a follow up of a previous one based on DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform). 3 This paper is organized in the following manner. In section 2 we introduce the digital elevation models and their 3D textured visualization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wavelet-based data hiding of DEM in the context of real-time 3D visualization

et al. 2007

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The use of aerial photographs, satellite images, scanned maps and digital elevation models necessitates the setting up of strategies for the storage and visualization of these data in an interactive way. In order to obtain a three dimensional visualization it is necessary to map the images, called textures, onto the terrain geometry computed with Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Practically, all of these informations are stored in three different files: DEM, texture and geo-localization of the data. In this paper we propose to save all this information in a single file for the purpose of synchronization. For this, we have developed a wavelet-based embedding method for hiding the data in a color image. The texture images containing hidden DEM data can then be sent from the server to a client in order to effect 3D visualization of terrains. The embedding method is integrable with the JPEG2000 coder to accommodate compression and multi-resolution visualization.

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Real-time 3D visualization of DEM combined with a robust DCT based data-hiding method

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Scalable 3-D Terrain Visualization Through Reversible JPEG2000-Based Blind Data Hiding

Scalable 3-D Terrain Visualization Through Reversible JPEG2000-Based Blind Data Hiding

Zero Watermarking for the TIN DEM Data Based on the Edge Length

Wavelet-based data hiding of DEM in the context of real-time 3D visualization

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