Real-life emissions from residential wood combustion in Austria: From TSP emissions to PAH emission profiles, diagnostic ratios and toxic risk assessment

Kirchsteiger, Bernadette; Kubik, Florian; Sturmlechner, Rita; Stressler, Harald; Schwabl, M.; Kistler, Magdalena; Kasper-Giebl, Anne

doi:10.1016/j.apr.2021.101127

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The mass of organic carbon exceeded that of elemental carbon for all samples, as seen in Figure 6. Subsequently, the median of the OC EC ratio for TSP is 6.9 in summer and 1.4 in winter, indicating a high secondary organic aersosl (SOA) formation potential for both seasons; this is contrary to a previous study on TSP emissions from wood combustion, where the OC/EC ratio was about 0.31 [28]. The OC EC is peculiarly high for the elementary schools, indicating that the degradation of carbon-containing materials in the school is the main source of carbon in summer.…”

Section: Chemical Compositions Of Tspcontrasting

confidence: 88%

Seasonal Variations in Concentrations and Chemical Compositions of TSP near a Bulk Material Storage Site for a Steel Plant

et al. 2022

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The concentrations of total suspended particles (TSPs) on four buildings near a steel plant’s bulk material storage site for iron ore, coal, limestone, and sinter were evaluated for summer and winter, where the concentrations were 58 (17–55) μg m−3 and 125 (108–155) μg m−3, respectively. A multivariate regression analysis of meteorological parameters with TSP concentrations indicates that temperature, wind speed, and frequency of rainfall are potential predictors of TSP concentrations, where the respective p values for the model are p = 0.005, p = 0.049, and p = 0.046. The strong correlation between usual co-pollutants, CO, NO2, and NOX with TSP concentrations, as indicated by the Pearson correlation values of 0.87, 0.86, and 0.77, respectively, implies substantial pollution from mobile sources. The weak correlation of SO2 with TSP concentrations rules out a significant pollution contribution from power plants. The speciation of TSPs in winter showed the percentage proportions of water-soluble ions, metal elements, and carbon content in winter as 60%, 15%, and 25%, while in summer, they were 68%, 14%, and 18%, respectively. Water-soluble ions were the most significant composition for both seasons, where the predominant species in summer and winter are SO42− and NO3−, respectively. In the TSP metal elements profile, the proportion of natural origin ones exceeded those from anthropogenic sources. The health risk assessment indicates a significant cancer risk posed by chromium, while that posed by other metal elements including Co, Ni, As, and Pb are insignificant. Additionally, all metal elements’ chronic daily occupational exposure levels were below the reference doses except for Cu and Zn. Insights from this investigation can inform decisions on the design of the TSP-capturing mechanism. Specifically, water sprays to capture the water-soluble portion would substantially reduce the amplified concentrations of TSPs, especially in winter.

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Section: Chemical Compositions Of Tspcontrasting

confidence: 88%

Seasonal Variations in Concentrations and Chemical Compositions of TSP near a Bulk Material Storage Site for a Steel Plant

et al. 2022

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“…The BaP/(BaP + BeP) ratio of samples assigned to the regional class yielded a maximum ratio of 0.68, while ratios of samples assigned to the local classed reached higher up (maximum BaP/(BaP + BeP) ratio of 0.95). Findings from emission experiments suggest, that atmospherically degraded particles show BaP/(BaP + BeP) ratios below 0.5 (Tobiszewski et al, 2012), while the diagnostic ratio of freshly emitted ones reaches higher up (Kirchsteiger et al, 2021). Even though extrapolating diagnostic ratios derived from emission experiments to the ambient situation is difficult and has to be interpreted carefully, samples assigned to the local class tend to show higher contributions of fresh emission while samples from the regional and unassigned classes (unassigned: maximum BaP/(BaP + BeP) ratio of 0.64) were already influenced by atmospheric degradation processes.…”

Section: Particle-bound Pah Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine Micro- and Nanoplastics Particles (Pm2.5) in Urban Air and Their Relation to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Kirchsteiger¹,

Materić²,

Happenhofer³

et al. 2022

SSRN Journal

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“…Especially, small wood log fireplaces are becoming increasingly popular. However, as the current status of firing technology emissions from furnaces operated in domestic households is that they significantly contribute to air pollution [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ], applications such as catalysts for the abatement of air pollutants are needed [ 5 , 6 ]. Flue gas comprises a huge variety of components depending on several factors such as the used type of wood, its origin, its humidity, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a Robust Thermoelectric Gas Sensor in Firewood Combustion Exhausts

Hagen

Herrmann

Zhang

et al. 2023

Sensors

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The quality of wood combustion processes can be effectively improved by achieving the automated control of the combustion air feed. For this purpose, continuous flue gas analysis using in situ sensors is essential. Besides the successfully introduced monitoring of the combustion temperature and the residual oxygen concentration, in this study, in addition, a planar gas sensor is suggested that utilizes the thermoelectric principle to measure the exothermic heat generated by the oxidation of unburnt reducing exhaust gas components such as carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (CxHy). The robust design made of high-temperature stable materials is tailored to the needs of flue gas analysis and offers numerous optimization options. Sensor signals are compared to flue gas analysis data from FTIR measurements during wood log batch firing. In general, impressive correlations between both data were found. Discrepancies occur during the cold start combustion phase. They can be attributed to changes in the ambient conditions around the sensor housing.

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Real-life emissions from residential wood combustion in Austria: From TSP emissions to PAH emission profiles, diagnostic ratios and toxic risk assessment

Cited by 14 publications

References 29 publications

Seasonal Variations in Concentrations and Chemical Compositions of TSP near a Bulk Material Storage Site for a Steel Plant

Seasonal Variations in Concentrations and Chemical Compositions of TSP near a Bulk Material Storage Site for a Steel Plant

Fine Micro- and Nanoplastics Particles (Pm2.5) in Urban Air and Their Relation to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Application of a Robust Thermoelectric Gas Sensor in Firewood Combustion Exhausts

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