Real 3D microsphere lasers by femtosecond laser processing

Hou, Zhi‐Shan; Zhan, Xuepeng; Li, Aiwu; Xu, Huailiang

doi:10.1039/c6ra28840e

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Polymeric microresonators with several geometries have been fabricated by TPP, including toroids [ 124 ], disks [ 125 , 126 , 127 ], cylinders [ 17 , 128 ], rings [ 26 , 51 , 129 ], and spheres [ 130 ]. Moreover, the flexibility of geometry afforded by this technique allows the fabrication of suspended parts ( Figure 12 a,c), varying the height of structures on the same chip ( Figure 12 b), and wire bonding fiber-to-chip coupling elements ( Figure 12 d and Ref.…”

Section: Devices Fabricated Via Tpp: General Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another convenience of the TPP technique for the fabrication of microresonators is its material flexibility. Several polymeric formulations have been employed as photoresists, such as acrylic [ 51 , 135 ] and epoxy resins [ 130 , 132 ], and various materials have been incorporated into them to meet specific applications. Polymeric microresonators fabricated by TPP have been incorporated with organic dyes to realize optically active microdevices [ 125 , 130 , 134 ], with liquid crystal networks to confer elasticity for optical tunability [ 131 , 136 ], and with nanodiamonds to enable quantum photonics applications [ 135 ], among other materials [ 137 ].…”

Section: Devices Fabricated Via Tpp: General Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it can be challenging to accomplish more confined geometries, such as spheres, toroids, or even disks and integrated microrings, with smooth surfaces by TPP. Indeed, the Q-factor of microresonators with spherical [ 130 ] and toroid-like [ 124 ] geometries is in the order of

or lower, and the Q-factor of integrated microrings is in the range

[ 51 , 129 , 138 , 141 ]. Microdisks and integrated microrings suffer from additional scattering losses at their top surface, which is usually rougher than their sidewall surface due to the pointed shape of the voxel tips.…”

Section: Devices Fabricated Via Tpp: General Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two-Photon Polymerization: Functionalized Microstructures, Micro-Resonators, and Bio-Scaffolds

et al. 2021

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The direct laser writing technique based on two-photon polymerization (TPP) has evolved considerably over the past two decades. Its remarkable characteristics, such as 3D capability, sub-diffraction resolution, material flexibility, and gentle processing conditions, have made it suitable for several applications in photonics and biosciences. In this review, we present an overview of the progress of TPP towards the fabrication of functionalized microstructures, whispering gallery mode (WGM) microresonators, and microenvironments for culturing microorganisms. We also describe the key physical-chemical fundamentals underlying the technique, the typical experimental setups, and the different materials employed for TPP.

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Section: Devices Fabricated Via Tpp: General Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Devices Fabricated Via Tpp: General Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

or lower, and the Q-factor of integrated microrings is in the range

Section: Devices Fabricated Via Tpp: General Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two-Photon Polymerization: Functionalized Microstructures, Micro-Resonators, and Bio-Scaffolds

et al. 2021

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“…Unlike high-energy ions or electrons bombardment, the laser does not cause lattice damage along the optical path. This has been demonstrated and employed to fabricate designable micro/nanostructures in a wide range of materials such as glass, [76,77] sapphire, [78,79] polymers, [80][81][82][83] and diamond. [84,85] By taking advantage of its 3D fabrication capacity and nanoscale accuracy, it provides a flexible way for creating color centers, as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Writing of Color Centers

Wang

Fang

Sun

et al. 2021

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Color centers, optically active defects within solids, are vital for leading quantum information technologies such as quantum computing and quantum sensing. An essential prerequisite for realizing scalable quantum architectures is the ability to create quantum emitters deterministically. In the last decades, significant efforts have been devoted to selectively generating color centers. One of the most used methods is high-energy ion implantation. However, this method usually causes extended lattice damage along the entire trajectory because of ions bombardment. Moreover, the position depth of color centers is also limited by the ions penetrate length in crystals. The direct laser-writing (DLW) technique has recently emerged as a powerful tool to create color centers in solid-state materials. It can define color centers at arbitrary depths inside the substrate and operate at the ambient environment, therefore, providing a feasible 3D fabrication method for integrated quantum photonics. Here, recent advancements of laser writing of color centers in solid-state materials are reviewed, from bulk crystals, such as diamond and silicon carbide, to nanostructures, involving single-walled carbon nanotubes, 2D layered materials, and quantum dots.

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“…In 2017, Hou et al fabricated a polymer microsphere by multiphoton polymerization to create an optical laser with single-mode output [ 11 ]. Subsequently, in 2019, Kelemen et al fabricated a polymer ring resonator connecting two optical fibers to detect reflective index changes of ambient biomass [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Fiber BaTiO3 Microsphere Resonator for High-Sensitivity Temperature Measurement

Zhu

et al. 2021

Micromachines

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A fiber optic whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonator was proposed and realized by integrating an inline polymer waveguide with a microsphere mounted on it. The polymer waveguide with a diameter of 1 μm was printed with femtosecond laser-assisted multiphoton polymerization in a section of a grooved hollow-core fiber, which was sandwiched between two single-mode fibers. Two WGW resonators assembled with microspheres of different sizes were prepared. The transmission spectra of those stimulated WGMs were investigated both in simulation and experimentally. The temperature response of the resonators was particularly studied, and a linear sensitivity of −593 pm/°C was achieved from 20 °C to 100 °C.

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Real 3D microsphere lasers by femtosecond laser processing

Abstract: Real 3D microspheres are fabricated using femtosecond laser processing and might be applicable for use as single-mode microlasers with controlled resonance wavelengths.

Cited by 10 publications

References 24 publications

Two-Photon Polymerization: Functionalized Microstructures, Micro-Resonators, and Bio-Scaffolds

Two-Photon Polymerization: Functionalized Microstructures, Micro-Resonators, and Bio-Scaffolds

Laser Writing of Color Centers

In-Fiber BaTiO3 Microsphere Resonator for High-Sensitivity Temperature Measurement

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