Reaktionen polyfunktioneller Cyansäureester mit polyfunktionellen Glycidethern. 2. Reaktionsmodell

Bauer, Monika; Bauer, Jörg; Ruhmann, Ralf; Kühn, G.

doi:10.1002/actp.1989.010400608

Cited by 43 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…19 Cyanate esters can be used as latent catalysts to cure epoxy resins without any polyamine compound. In recent years, some authors20–23 have proposed a complex reaction mechanism for the polymerization of 2,2‐bis(4‐cyanatophenyl)propane and 2,2‐bis(4‐glycidyloxyphenyl)propane. This mechanism (herein referred to as the Bauer pathway) was supported by model compound studies involving phenyl glycidyl ether, 4‐chlorophenol cyanate and its trimer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ FT‐IR and DSC investigation on the cure reaction of the dicyanate/diepoxide/diamine system

Lin

Hsu

2001

Polymer International

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Cure reactions of a liquid aromatic dicyanate ester (1,1′‐bis(4‐cyanatophenyl)ethane, BEDCy) with a liquid bisphenol A epoxide (2,2‐bis(4‐glycidyloxyphenyl)propane, BADGE) and 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) were studied through correlation of the in situ FT‐IR spectroscopy and DSC in dynamic scanning mode. Before this system was examined, cure reactions of precursory systems of BADGE/DDS, BEDCy/BADGE and BEDCy/DDS were investigated separately. Cure reaction paths for each system are proposed. Some reactions in the precursory systems, such as polycyclotrimerization of dicyanate to form sym‐triazine and formation of alkyl isocyanurate, were not observed in the combined curing system BEDCy/BADGE/DDS. Four principal reaction paths are proposed for this curing system: (1) formation of oxazoline from the reaction between the epoxide and cyanate group; (2) reaction of epoxide with primary amine to form a hydroxyl group; (3) reaction of epoxide with the hydroxyl group to form an ether linkage; and (4) rearrangement of oxazoline to form oxazolidinone. Two distinct, but somewhat overlapping, exothermic peaks were observed on the DSC thermogram. The lower temperature peak on the DSC thermogram was primarily contributed by the first reaction path, whereas the higher temperature peak can mainly be attributed to the reaction paths 2, 3 and 4. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ FT‐IR and DSC investigation on the cure reaction of the dicyanate/diepoxide/diamine system

Lin

Hsu

2001

Polymer International

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“…The proposed reaction consisted of several steps, shown in Figure 2. As reported by several authors,24–30 the cyclotrimerization of cyanate groups, followed by the reaction with epoxy groups, resulted in the formation of several intermediates including isocyanurate, oxazoline, and oxazolidinone.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

Preparation and characterization of bismaleimide‐modified bisphenol dicyanate epoxy matrices

Dinakaran

Kumar

Alagar

2003

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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An intercrosslinked network of epoxy matrix systems modified by cyanate ester (CE) and bismaleimide (BMI) was developed. Epoxy systems modified with 4%, 8%, and 12% (by weight) cyanate ester were made by using epoxy resin and cyanate ester, with diaminodiphenylmethane as the curing agent. The reaction between the cyanate ester and the epoxy resin during the cure process of cyanate ester-modified epoxy systems was studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The cyanate ester-toughened epoxy systems were further modified with 4%, 8%, and 12% (by weight) bismaleimide (N,NЈ-bismaleimido-4,4Ј-diphenylmethane). BMI-CE-Epoxy matrices were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis, and heat deflection temperature analysis. The matrices, in the form of castings, were characterized for their mechanical properties such as tensile strength, flexural strength, and unnotched Izod impact test as per ASTM methods. Mechanical studies indicated that the introduction of cyanate ester into epoxy resin improved the toughness and flexural strength, with a reduction in tensile strength and glass-transition temperature, whereas the incorporation of bismaleimide into epoxy resin influenced the mechanical and thermal properties according to its percentage content. However, the introduction of both cyanate ester and bismaleimide influenced the mechanical properties according to their percentage content. DSC thermograms of cyanate ester-modified epoxy and BMI-modified epoxy showed unimodal reaction exotherms. The thermal degradation temperature and heat distortion temperature of the cured BMI-modified epoxy and CE-epoxy systems increased with increasing bismaleimide content.

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“…Meanwhile the absorption peak of epoxy group (915 cm −1 ) declines, and a new absorption peak attributing to isocyanurate band appears at 1678 cm −1 , reflecting the formation of isocyanurate resulting from the reaction between triazine group of CE and epoxy group of HBPSi as shown in Scheme (a). 16 Second, after being cured at 200°C, the stretching vibration absorption peak of OCN group in BD/CE resin completely disappears, for example, the R C value of OCN and triazine groups are 0 and 100%, respectively. In contrast, for HBC‐2 resin after being cured at 200°C, the absorption peaks of OCN, epoxy, and isocyanurate groups entirely disappear, while a new additional peak at 1760 cm −1 appears, which is usually referred to oxazolidinone.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Curing kinetics and mechanism of novel high performance hyperbranched polysiloxane/bismaleimide/cyanate ester resins for resin transfer molding

Guan

Liang

Yuan

et al. 2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Curing kinetics and mechanism determine the structure and property of thermosetting resins and related composites. The curing kinetics and mechanism of a novel high performance resin system based on hyperbranched polysiloxane (HBPSi), 2,2 0 -diallylbisphenol A modified bismaleimide (BD), and cyanate ester (CE) resins for Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) technique were systemically studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra, and torque rheometer. Results show that the addition of HBPSi to BD/CE resin not only decreases the initial curing temperature and apparent activation energy, but also changes the curing mechanism, and thus the structure and properties of resultant crosslinked networks. An ''Interpenetrating network (IPN)-coupling structure'' is proposed to be formed in the HBPSi/BD/CE system, which is different from traditional ''IPN'' structure in BD/CE resin. The simulation of curing reaction suggests that the variety of the curing activity leads to the difference between the curing behaviors of BD/CE and HBPSi/BD/CE resins, which is in good agreement with FTIR and DSC analyses.

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Reaktionen polyfunktioneller Cyansäureester mit polyfunktionellen Glycidethern. 2. Reaktionsmodell

Cited by 43 publications

References 5 publications

In situ FT‐IR and DSC investigation on the cure reaction of the dicyanate/diepoxide/diamine system

In situ FT‐IR and DSC investigation on the cure reaction of the dicyanate/diepoxide/diamine system

Preparation and characterization of bismaleimide‐modified bisphenol dicyanate epoxy matrices

Curing kinetics and mechanism of novel high performance hyperbranched polysiloxane/bismaleimide/cyanate ester resins for resin transfer molding

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