“…Aiming to the same goal, parallel efforts have been made in the rational design of proteins. Due to the possibility of manipulating DNA sequencies and the availability of bacterial expression systems for producing engineered proteins from modified genes, it is now feasible to modify their surface properties in order to promote a particular immobilization strategy (Gilardi, 2004). Such protein modifications may involve introducing of an additional sequence such as a histidine tag, or deleting hydrophobic membrane anchors to produce soluble protein variants.…”