Readout electronics for the CMS Phase II Endcap Calorimeter: system overview and prototyping experience

Strobbe, N.

doi:10.1088/1748-0221/17/04/c04023

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The third version of the LD Hexaboard, V3-LD-HB (see figure 3(c)), was produced with HGCROC-V3 inside a new LD package (BGA with 0.8 mm pitch) [5] using the optimized stack-up-II. This is close to the on-cassette version, including stepped-holes and mechanical constraints, interface connectors, and mechanical mount points required by other on-cassette PCBs used for the powering and data acquisition [3]. A passage for service routing through the cassettes is also required, further constraining component placement.…”

Section: Low Density Hexaboard Prototypingmentioning

confidence: 89%

Design and performance optimisation of the Hexaboards for CMS HGCAL silicon sensor readout electronics

Khan

2023

J. Inst.

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A new high-granularity endcap calorimeter, HGCAL, is foreseen to be installed later this decade in the CMS experiment. We present the design and performance of the Hexaboard, a complex hexagonal multi-layer PCB equipped with multiple HGCROC ASICs to read out the signals from silicon pads with low noise and large dynamic range. The Hexaboards are glued to silicon sensors and connect to their pads via wire bonds through holes in the PCBs. The Hexaboard also connects to mezzanine boards for powering, trigger and data concentration and transfer. More than ten variants of the Hexaboard are required to cover the circular fiducial area of the CMS endcaps. Detailed performance measurements, and comparative PCB simulations using Ansys SIwave, are presented.

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Section: Low Density Hexaboard Prototypingmentioning

confidence: 89%

Design and performance optimisation of the Hexaboards for CMS HGCAL silicon sensor readout electronics

Khan

2023

J. Inst.

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“…The trigger path begins on-detector, implemented within two types of ASICS, the HGCROC and the ECON-T, in the front-end electronics (FE) [3].…”

Section: Front-end Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As Super-Trigger-Cell applies no threshold or selection, this is unneeded in this case. The resulting data are forwarded to the back-end electronics via low power GigaBit Transceiver (lpGBT) links at a rate of approximately 10 Gbps [3,5].…”

Section: The Econ-tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of the CMS High Granularity Calorimeter trigger primitive generator system

Ehle

2024

J. Inst.

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The High Luminosity phase of the LHC (HL-LHC) is planned to begin data taking in 2029, with the instantaneous luminosity expected to increase to 4 times its current value and the average number of particle interactions per bunch crossing increasing by approximately 3.5 times its current value. The current endcap calorimeters in the CMS detector will be replaced by a novel high granularity calorimeter (HGCAL) that will have fine segmentation in both the transverse and longitudinal directions and will be the first such calorimeter specifically optimised for particle flow reconstruction to operate at a colliding-beam experiment. The Level 1 trigger of the CMS experiment will combine the calorimeter data with tracking information to allow particle-flow techniques to be used. The high granularity of the calorimeter leads to about six million readout channels in total, concentrated in one million trigger cells, sampled for the L1 trigger at a rate of 40 MHz. The trigger data volumes will be an order of magnitude above those currently handled in CMS, posing significant challenges for data manipulation and processing. In addition, the trigger algorithms must be able to efficiently reject the huge background rate in the forward region of the detector due to the high pileup environment. The status of the HGCAL trigger architecture and design, as well as the algorithms developed in order to tackled these major issues, is presented here. The data flow is described from the formation and preselection of trigger cells on detector to the generation of two types of trigger primitives off detector, projective towers of energy in the (η, ϕ) plane and three-dimensional clusters of particles. Particle flow will use these 3D clusters, and their formation is described and followed by recent developments in the optimization of their transverse size.

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“…However, time information cannot be exploited in the trigger path due to bandwidth constraints. The TC data is then sent to the on-detector ECON-T chip via 1.28 Gbit s −1 e-links (see, for instance, [7]). Each ECON-T processes data coming from a single module (3 or 6 HGCROCs).…”

Section: The Dataflow Of Hgcal Trigger Primitivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cluster reconstruction in the HGCAL at the Level 1 trigger

Alves

2024

EPJ Web of Conf.

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The CMS collaboration has chosen a novel High Granularity Calorimeter for the endcap regions as part of its planned upgrade for the High Luminosity LHC. The calorimeter will have fine segmentation in both the transverse and longitudinal directions, and its data will be part of the Level 1 trigger of the CMS experiment. The trigger has tight constraints on latency and rate, and will need to be implemented in hardware. The high granularity results in around six million readout channels in total, reduced to one million that are used at 40 MHz as part of the Level 1 trigger, presenting a significant challenge in terms of data manipulation and processing; the trigger data volumes will be an order of magnitude above those currently handled at CMS. In addition, the high luminosity will result in an average of 140 (or more) interactions per bunch crossing. This leads to a huge rate by background processes which must be efficiently rejected by the trigger algorithms. Furthermore, reconstruction of the particle clusters to be used for particle flow in events with high hit rates is also a complex computational problem for the trigger. The status of the cluster reconstruction algorithms developed to tackle these major challenges, as well as the associated trigger architecture, is presented. Methods developed to mitigate the known issue of cluster splitting are described, incuding an iterative algorithm which has no impact on firmware resources.

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Readout electronics for the CMS Phase II Endcap Calorimeter: system overview and prototyping experience

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

Design and performance optimisation of the Hexaboards for CMS HGCAL silicon sensor readout electronics

Design and performance optimisation of the Hexaboards for CMS HGCAL silicon sensor readout electronics

Design of the CMS High Granularity Calorimeter trigger primitive generator system

Cluster reconstruction in the HGCAL at the Level 1 trigger

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