Readmissions among Patients with Surgically Managed Drug Use Associated-Infective Endocarditis before and after the Implementation of an Addiction Consult Team: A Retrospective, Observational Analysis

Abstract

Background Patients who undergo cardiac surgery for drug use-associated infective endocarditis (DUA-IE) have high rates of readmissions for recurrent endocarditis, substance use disorder (SUD), and septicemia. Our primary objective was to assess whether exposure to an addiction consult team (ACT) was associated with reduced readmissions in this population. Methods This single-center retrospective analysis identified patients who underwent cardiac surgery for DUA-IE between 1/2012–9/2022 using the Society for Thoracic Surgeons database, and compared the cumulative incidence of readmissions at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months among those cared for before and after the implementation of an ACT in 9/2017, accounting for competing risk of mortality and adjusted for measured confounders using inverse probability of treatment weighting. Results The 58 patients (35 pre-ACT and 23 post-ACT) were young (36.4 +/− 7.7 years) and predominantly White (53.4%) and male (70.7%). The post-ACT cohort had a significantly lower risk of readmission at 1 month (adjusted risk difference [RD] −23.8% [95% CI −94.4%, −8.3%], P = 0.005) and 3 months (RD −34.1% [−55.1%, −13.1%], P = 0.005), but not at 6 or 12 months. In a sensitivity analysis, the post-ACT cohort also had significantly lower risk of readmissions for SUD complications at 3 months. Discussion and Conclusion ACT exposure was associated with a lower risk of short-term readmission among patients with surgically managed DUA-IE, possibly due to a reduction in SUD-related complications. Additional studies are needed to replicate these findings and to identify ways to sustain the potential benefits of ACTs over the longer term.