“…Indeed, a long-standing view is that the rich detail provided by high-quality foveal input is crucially important for word recognition (e.g., McConkie et al, 1988;O'Regan et al, 1984;Stevens & Grainger, 2003), and models of reading emphasize greatly the importance of high-quality visual input from text falling within foveal vision during each fixational pause (e.g., Engbert, Nuthmann, Richter, & Kliegl, 2005;Pollatsek, Reichle, & Rayner, 2006;Reichle, Pollatsek, Fisher, & Rayner, 1998;Reichle, Rayner, & Pollatsek, 2003). Moreover, substantial impairments in reading are known to occur when sections of foveal vision are completely obliterated, either by experimental manipulation (e.g., Fine & Rubin, 1999;Rayner & Bertera, 1979;Rayner, Inhoff, Morrison, Slowiaczek, & Bertera, 1981) or by natural degeneration (e.g., Faye, 1984;Legge, Rubin, Pelli, & Schleske, 1985;Owsley, 2011;Whittaker & Lovie-Kitchin, 1993), and impairments occur even when words in foveal vision are simply made faint (e.g., Drieghe, 2008;Reingold & Rayner, 2006).…”