Reading eye movements in traumatic brain injury

Reddy, Ashwini V C; Mani, Revathy; Selvakumar, Ambika; Hussaindeen, Jameel Rizwana

doi:10.1016/j.optom.2019.10.001

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…69,70 For these reasons, there is a requirement for specific adult norms and the investigation of the application and usefulness in these specific deficits. 71 In longer term, taking into account the Scheiman and Rouse three-component model of vision, 72,73 the DEM test could not only establish its position but also become part of a wide psychometric battery of eye movement tests together with other tests, such as NSUCO, Groffman visual tracing 74 and others.…”

Section: Future Directionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spotlight on the Developmental Eye Movement (DEM) Test

Facchin¹

2021

OPTO

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The developmental eye movement (DEM) test is a practical and simple method for assessing and quantifying ocular motor skills in children. In this review, a summary of the literature relevant to the DEM test has been made, its psychometric properties and its pros and cons have also been considered. The DEM test provides clinicians with a simple method of measuring eye movement using a psychometric test. Over the years, many studies have enabled the identification of the strengthens and weaknesses of this test apart from outlining the psychometric properties. The validity of the test has been checked and expanded over time and studies have shown that the DEM test measures an aspect of eye movement related to reading, rather than purely parameters associated with eye-movement. Some reservations have emerged regarding the repeatability of the test because a degree of learning effect emerges over multiple sessions. Being aware of this point allows correct clinical application and interpretation of the test. Normative data in children were available for nine languages and countries. So far, DEM test could be applied clinically in each case when a rapid test of eye movement was required, such as in testing for vision-related visual problems.

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Section: Future Directionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spotlight on the Developmental Eye Movement (DEM) Test

Facchin¹

2021

OPTO

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“…Patients that have experienced TBI exhibit latencies such as lagged smooth pursuit movements as well as position errors and reduced acceleration in saccadic movements [74]. Difficulties with reading in TBI patients are noteworthy, with documented abnormalities including increased fixations and regressions per 100 words, reduced reading rates, and lower comprehension and sophistication in reading level [75].…”

Section: Visual Symptoms Of Tbimentioning

confidence: 99%

Mild-to-Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury: A Review with Focus on the Visual System

Rauchman

Albert

Pinkhasov

et al. 2022

Neurology International

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Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a major global public health problem. Neurological damage from TBI may be mild, moderate, or severe and occurs both immediately at the time of impact (primary injury) and continues to evolve afterwards (secondary injury). In mild (m)TBI, common symptoms are headaches, dizziness and fatigue. Visual impairment is especially prevalent. Insomnia, attentional deficits and memory problems often occur. Neuroimaging methods for the management of TBI include computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The location and the extent of injuries determine the motor and/or sensory deficits that result. Parietal lobe damage can lead to deficits in sensorimotor function, memory, and attention span. The processing of visual information may be disrupted, with consequences such as poor hand-eye coordination and balance. TBI may cause lesions in the occipital or parietal lobe that leave the TBI patient with incomplete homonymous hemianopia. Overall, TBI can interfere with everyday life by compromising the ability to work, sleep, drive, read, communicate and perform numerous activities previously taken for granted. Treatment and rehabilitation options available to TBI sufferers are inadequate and there is a pressing need for new ways to help these patients to optimize their functioning and maintain productivity and participation in life activities, family and community.

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“…Despite the fact that the GVT test was originally intended for use on subjects in the developmental age range, it can also be applied to adults [5]. Individuals with visual and cognitive deficits following different etiologies, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI) or acquired brain injury (ABI) [6,9,10], can exhibit oculomotor alterations. It has been used in an adapted form in different studies involving healthy [4,8,11], learning disabled [12], epileptic [13][14][15], and occipital injured [16] children to assess visual perceptual abilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normative Values of the Groffman Visual Tracing Test for the Assessment of Oculomotor Performance in the Adult Population

Facchin

Mischi

Iannello

et al. 2022

Vision

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The Groffman visual tracing (GVT) test is an indirect psychometric measure of oculomotor performance, used for the clinical assessment of eye movements. The test consists of two cards with five contorted lines of increasing overlap, crowding, and difficulty. The task starts from each of the letters at the top of the page, follows the line from the letter to the corresponding number at the bottom of the page, and the number is named. Although the GVT test was developed for the evaluation of children, it has also been applied to adults with visual and cognitive deficits. However, it lacks reference values. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess oculomotor behavior across the typical human lifespan and to define normative data in an adult population. A total of 526 adults aged between 20 and 79 years, all without neurological or psychiatric deficits, were enrolled in the study. The results were analyzed by considering the accuracy and execution times separately. An influence of age, education and sex for accuracy was found, and age for the execution times was found. Norms for adults were developed considering the specific structure of the test and the accuracy and the execution time separately. The GVT test can now be applied in healthy and neurological adult populations for the evaluation of oculomotor performance.

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Reading eye movements in traumatic brain injury

Cited by 16 publications

References 14 publications

Spotlight on the Developmental Eye Movement (DEM) Test

Spotlight on the Developmental Eye Movement (DEM) Test

Mild-to-Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury: A Review with Focus on the Visual System

Normative Values of the Groffman Visual Tracing Test for the Assessment of Oculomotor Performance in the Adult Population

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