“…It seems that literacy and fluency of reading and writing skills are essential in education, there are challenges in developing the abilities. Studies have been conducted to investigate the causes of the problems and possibilities to solve them (e.g., Copland, Garton, & Burns, 2014;Murnane, Sawhill, & Snow, 2012;Phiwhlaung, Kaitjarungphan, & Siriwatthanathakun, 2020;Savic, 2016). For instance, Murnane, Sawhill and Snow (2012) suggested that primary grade students in American schools lack opportunities to learn the issues that are related to literacy.…”