Readers extract semantic information from parafoveal two-character synonyms in Chinese reading

Zhu, Mengyan; Zhuang, Xiangling; Ma, Guojie

doi:10.1007/s11145-020-10092-8

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The POF effect represents high‐level lexical processing of information from the parafovea, which has been traditionally considered to be evidence for parallel attention allocation. However, in recent years, high‐level parafoveal information extraction has been explained by both the parallel and serial reading models (Schotter, 2013; Zhu et al, 2021). Moreover, Ma et al (2017) reported that Chinese readers can perceive a word even when it is composed of non‐contiguous characters, and a right‐hand activated word lengthens fixation on the left‐hand word.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, words with high frequency, high predictability or short length tend to be fixated on for a shorter time than words with low frequency, low predictability or long length (Li et al, 2014; Li & Pollatsek, 2020). Moreover, the semantic preview benefit in Chinese reading has been observed using the gaze‐contingent paradigm when the semantic‐related words are synonyms (Zhu et al, 2021). For example, the processing of the target word ‘nurse’ will be facilitated if readers can preview the semantic‐related word ‘caregiver’.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Food word processing in Chinese reading: A study of restrained eaters

Luo

Zhu

Zhuang

et al. 2023

British J of Psychology

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Food-related attentional bias refers that individuals typically prioritize rewarding food-related cues (e.g. food words and food images) compared with non-food stimuli; however, the findings are inconsistent for restrained eaters. Traditional paradigms used to test food-related attentional bias, such as visual probe tasks and visual search tasks, may not directly and accurately enough to reflect individuals' food-word processing at different cognitive stages. In this study, we introduced the boundary paradigm to investigate food-word attentional bias for both restrained and unrestrained eaters. Eye movements were recorded when they performed a naturalistic sentence-reading task. The results of later-stage analyses showed that food words were fixated on for less time than non-food words, which indicated a superiority of foveal food-word processing for both restrained and unrestrained eaters. The results of early-stage analyses showed that restrained eaters spent more time on pre-target regions in the food-word valid preview conditions, which indicated a parafoveal food-word processing superiority for restrained eaters (i.e. the parafoveal-on-foveal effect). The superiority of foveal food-word processing provides new insights into explaining food-related attentional bias in general groups. Additionally, the enhanced food-word attentional bias in parafoveal processing for restrained eaters illustrates the importance of individual characteristics in studying word recognition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food word processing in Chinese reading: A study of restrained eaters

Luo

Zhu

Zhuang

et al. 2023

British J of Psychology

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“…Therefore, syntactic processing can occur at an early stage during reading, which could exert an effect on the preview benefit. For example, in previous studies on SPB, the semantically implausible or unrelated preview words may also violate syntactic rules (syntactically implausible) ( Li, Sun & Wang, 2022 ; Yang et al, 2012 ; Zhu, Zhuang & Ma, 2021 ), which might confuse the SPB results. Consequently, syntactic plausibility needs to be controlled when investigating the SPB effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Consequently, syntactic plausibility needs to be controlled when investigating the SPB effect. Based on previous studies ( Li, Sun & Wang, 2022 ; Yang et al, 2012 ; Zhu, Zhuang & Ma, 2021 ), the present study restricted all preview words to be syntactically plausible to avoid the interference of syntactically implausible previews with parafoveal semantic processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semantic plausibility preferentially affects the semantic preview benefit in Chinese reading: evidence from an eye-movement study

Zhang

Liu

Zhao

et al. 2023

PeerJ

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Background Numerous studies have confirmed that skilled readers can benefit from a semantically related preview word (i.e., semantic preview benefit, SPB), suggesting that readers can extract semantic information from the parafovea to achieve efficient reading. It is still under debate whether the occurrence of this benefit is because of the semantic association between the preview and target words or because of the contextual fit of the preview word in the sentence context. Methods Two independent factors, preview plausibility (preview plausible/implausible) and semantic relatedness (semantically related/unrelated), were manipulated, and we further strictly controlled for syntactic plausibility in the present study. Results The results showed that the first-pass reading times of the target words were significantly shorter in the plausible preview condition than in the implausible preview condition. However, the main effect of semantic relatedness was found only in the gaze duration measure. Discussion The pattern of results revealed that semantic plausibility affects the semantic preview benefit preferentially in Chinese reading, supporting the contextual fit account. Our findings have implications for a better understanding of parafoveal processing and provide empirical support for the eye-movement control model.

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“…In English reading, readers can extract the initial-letter information of words [ 23 , 24 ], orthographic information [ 25 , 26 ], abstract letter codes, and phonology information from the parafovea [ 27 – 30 ]. However, a disagreement remains on whether semantic preview information can be extracted [ 31 – 37 ]. Rayner et al used the boundary paradigm to manipulate four preview conditions—identical (winter–winter), semantically related (winter–summer), completely unrelated (winter–length), and visually similar (winter–winken)—and investigated the extraction of semantic information from the parafovea in English reading [ 38 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the extraction of parafoveal semantic information in Tibetan

et al. 2023

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This study conducted two experiments to investigate the extraction of semantic preview information from the parafovea in Tibetan reading. In Experiment 1, a single-factor (preview type: identical vs. semantically related vs. unrelated) within-subject experimental design was used to investigate whether there is a parafoveal semantic preview effect (SPE) in Tibetan reading. Experiment 2 used a 2 (contextual constraint: high vs. low) × 3 (preview type: identical vs. semantically related vs. unrelated) within-subject experimental design to investigate the influence of contextual constraint on the parafoveal semantic preview effect in Tibetan reading. Supporting the E-Z reader model, the experimental results showed that in Tibetan reading, readers could not obtain semantic preview information from the parafovea, and contextual constraint did not influence this process. However, comparing high- and low-constrained contexts, the latter might be more conducive to extracting semantic preview information from the parafovea.

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Readers extract semantic information from parafoveal two-character synonyms in Chinese reading

Cited by 4 publications

References 38 publications

Food word processing in Chinese reading: A study of restrained eaters

Food word processing in Chinese reading: A study of restrained eaters

Semantic plausibility preferentially affects the semantic preview benefit in Chinese reading: evidence from an eye-movement study

Examining the extraction of parafoveal semantic information in Tibetan

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