Readability, Relevance and Quality of the Information in Spanish on the Web for Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis

Castillo-Ortiz, José Dionisio; Valdivia-Nuno, Jose de Jesus; Ramirez-Gomez, Andrea; Garagarza-Mariscal, Heber; Gallegos-Rios, Carlos; Flores-Hernandez, Gabriel; Hernandez-Sanchez, Luis; Brambila-Barba, Victor; Castaneda-Sanchez, Jose Juan; Barajas-Ochoa, Zalathiel; Suarez-Rico, Angel; Sánchez-González, Jorge Manuel; Ramos-Remus, César

doi:10.1016/j.reumae.2016.04.010

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…For example, one 2013 study found that of the 30 commonly used drug pamphlets written in Spanish, only 10 (33%) of them had appropriate readability, and another study in 2015 found that of 16 Spanish patient education materials for spinal cord injury, only four (25%) had appropriate readability . Most recently, in 2016, Castillo‐Ortiz et al evaluated the readability of 202 Spanish patient education materials for rheumatoid arthritis and found only 79 (39%) were written at appropriate readability levels for the reader . Interestingly, we found that Spanish patient education materials in otolaryngology are easier to read compared to Spanish materials in other fields.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…19,26 Most recently, in 2016, Castillo-Ortiz et al evaluated the readability of 202 Spanish patient education materials for rheumatoid arthritis and found only 79 (39%) were written at appropriate readability levels for the reader. 27 Interestingly, we found that Spanish patient education materials in otolaryngology are easier to read compared to Spanish materials in other fields. Nevertheless, materials were still too difficult for the average Spanish reader.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

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The Índice Flesch‐Szigriszt and Spanish Lexile Analyzer to evaluate Spanish patient education materials in otolaryngology

2017

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Objectives/Hypothesis: Evaluate the reading difficulty of Spanish patient education materials using the validated Indice Flesch-Szigriszt (INFLESZ) and Spanish Lexile Analyzer, and to identify relationships between English and Spanish readability formulas.Study Design: Cross-sectional analysis.Methods: All otolaryngology-related patient education articles written in Spanish from the health libraries of the top 10 US News & World Report-ranked hospitals, top 10 Doximity-ranked otolaryngology residencies, the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery website, and the US National Library of Medicine online section on ears, nose and throat were collected. Reading difficulty was assessed using the INFLESZ and Spanish Lexile Analyzer. Additional readability assessments included the traditional English tools: Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, Flesch Reading Ease Score, and the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook score.Results: A total of 497 articles were reviewed. The average INFLESZ score for all articles was 57.75, which is considered normal and requires the reading ability of a student who finished Escuela Secundaria Obligatoria or 10th grade equivalent in the United States. The average Spanish Lexile measure for all articles was 1062L, equivalent to a reading level between the 6th and 12th grade. English readability tools calculated a more difficult reading level compared to Spanish tools when performed on the same text.Conclusions: Current Spanish patient education materials in otolaryngology may be too difficult for the average Spanish-speaking reader to understand. Future improvements may be warranted to improve the readability of educational materials and increase health literacy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

The Índice Flesch‐Szigriszt and Spanish Lexile Analyzer to evaluate Spanish patient education materials in otolaryngology

2017

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“…The internet represents a major source of health-related information that is highly accessible by all users. Stemming from the fact that most published content is unregulated, the potential for divulging and spreading false information, for instance unexpected outbreaks and epidemics, remains unmet with content regulation [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public reaction to Chikungunya outbreaks in Italy—Insights from an extensive novel data streams-based structural equation modeling analysis

et al. 2018

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The recent outbreak of Chikungunya virus in Italy represents a serious public health concern, which is attracting media coverage and generating public interest in terms of Internet searches and social media interactions. Here, we sought to assess the Chikungunya-related digital behavior and the interplay between epidemiological figures and novel data streams traffic.Reaction to the recent outbreak was analyzed in terms of Google Trends, Google News and Twitter traffic, Wikipedia visits and edits, and PubMed articles, exploiting structural modelling equations.A total of 233,678 page-views and 150 edits on the Italian Wikipedia page, 3,702 tweets, 149 scholarly articles, and 3,073 news articles were retrieved. The relationship between overall Chikungunya cases, as well as autochthonous cases, and tweets production was found to be fully mediated by Chikungunya-related web searches. However, in the allochthonous/imported cases model, tweet production was not found to be significantly mediated by epidemiological figures, with web searches still significantly mediating tweet production. Inconsistent relationships were detected in mediation models involving Wikipedia usage as a mediator variable. Similarly, the effect between news consumption and tweets production was suppressed by the Wikipedia usage. A further inconsistent mediation was found in the case of the effect between Wikipedia usage and tweets production, with web searches as a mediator variable. When adjusting for the Internet penetration index, similar findings could be obtained, with the important exception that in the adjusted model the relationship between GN and Twitter was found to be partially mediated by Wikipedia usage. Furthermore, the link between Wikipedia usage and PubMed/MEDLINE was fully mediated by GN, differently from what was found in the unadjusted model.In conclusion—a significant public reaction to the current Chikungunya outbreak was documented. Health authorities should be aware of this, recognizing the role of new technologies for collecting public concerns and replying to them, disseminating awareness and avoid misleading information.

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“…Specifically, items (4, 6, 7, 8, and 13) showed a “very difficult” or “somewhat difficult” readability; these items also had similar readability in the original items [ 20 ]. In addition, other studies that evaluated readability on FM information have reported similar readability [ 32 , 33 ], classifying some information as “slightly difficult to read” [ 32 ]. In contrast, in the first phase of the study, they presented good comprehensibility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Spanish Translation and Cultural Adaptation of the Fibromyalgia Knowledge Questionnaire

Mendoza-Muñoz

Rodal

García-Gordillo

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Introduction: Fibromyalgia (FM) translates into a reduction in the quality of life of people who suffer from it, being a chronic disease of unknown etiology. One of the most widespread treatments includes the combination of patient education, along with other components. At the educational level, the Fibromyalgia Knowledge Questionnaire (FKQ) is a tool that assesses knowledge of fibromyalgia. Objective: To obtain the translation and cultural adaptation of the FKQ questionnaire into Spanish, as well as its readability, in addition to knowing the relationship between knowledge of the disease and the level of disability. Method: In phase one, a translation-back translation and an evaluation of the readability of the questionnaire was carried out from INFLESZ, while in phase two, the questionnaire was passed to women with FM to detect their knowledge of the disease. A total of 49 women participated, with a mean age of 54.48 years. Results: The Spanish version of the FKQ questionnaire was rated by the participants in all its items as “clear and understandable”. The readability obtained by the questionnaire was similar to its original version, with both totals being in the “normal” range, following the INFLESZ ranges. Regarding the patients’ knowledge about FM, the component in which the highest score was obtained was physical activity (80% correct), while the one that obtained the worst score was knowledge about medication (50% correct). In addition, an inverse correlation was obtained between the FKQ and the FIQ (Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire) (r = −0.438; p < 0.01). Conclusions: The FKQ has been translated and culturally adapted, obtaining a correct understanding by the participants, as well as a degree of readability similar to the original questionnaire. Furthermore, it was obtained that, the lower the level of knowledge of the sick person, the greater the disability.

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Readability, Relevance and Quality of the Information in Spanish on the Web for Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

The Índice Flesch‐Szigriszt and Spanish Lexile Analyzer to evaluate Spanish patient education materials in otolaryngology

The Índice Flesch‐Szigriszt and Spanish Lexile Analyzer to evaluate Spanish patient education materials in otolaryngology

Public reaction to Chikungunya outbreaks in Italy—Insights from an extensive novel data streams-based structural equation modeling analysis

Spanish Translation and Cultural Adaptation of the Fibromyalgia Knowledge Questionnaire

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