Readability of Patient Education Materials on the American Association for Surgery of Trauma Website

Abstract

Background:Because the quality of information on the Internet is of dubious worth, many patients seek out reliable expert sources. As per the American Medical Association (AMA) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) recommendations, readability of patient education materials should not exceed a sixth-grade reading level. The average reading skill of U.S. adults is at the eighth-grade level.Objectives:This study evaluates whether a recognized source of expert content, the American Association for Surgery of Trauma (AAST) website’s patient education materials, recommended readability guidelines for medical information.Materials and Methods:Using the well-validated Flesch-Kincaid formula to analyze grade level readability, we evaluated the readability of all 16 of the publicly-accessible entries within the patient education section of the AAST website.Results:Mean ± SD grade level readability was 10.9 ± 1.8 for all the articles. All but one of the articles had a readability score above the sixth-grade level. Readability of the articles exceeded the maximum recommended level by an average of 4.9 grade levels (95% confidence interval, 4.0-5.8; P < 0.0001). Readability of the articles exceeded the eighth-grade level by an average of 2.9 grade levels (95% confidence interval, 2.0-3.8; P < 0.0001). Only one of the articles had a readability score below the eighth-grade level.Conclusions:The AAST’s online patient education materials may be of limited utility to many patients, as the readability of the information exceeds the average reading skill level of adults in the U.S. Lack of patient comprehension represents a discrepancy that is not in accordance with the goals of the AAST’s objectives for its patient education efforts.

Readability of Invasive Procedure Consent Forms

“…Readability analysis was performed using well‐validated scales that have been commonly used to evaluate healthcare‐related materials . Readability scores were measured using the following tests: Flesch Reading Ease Formula, Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level, Fog Scale, SMOG Index, Coleman–Liau Index, Automated Readability Index, Linsear Write Formula, including the composite Text Readability Consensus Calculator ( Table ).…”

“…25,26 Readability analysis Readability analysis was performed using well-validated scales that have been commonly used to evaluate healthcare-related Brief reports materials. [15][16][17][18][19][20][22][23][24][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] Readability scores were measured using the following tests: Flesch Reading Ease Formula, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, Fog Scale, SMOG Index, Coleman-Liau Index, Automated Readability Index, Linsear Write Formula, including the composite Text Readability Consensus Calculator ( Table 1). The readability software utilized is publically available at http:// www.readabilityformulas.com/freereadability-formula-tests.php.…”

“…Because the average US adult reads at an 8th grade level, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the American Medical Association (AMA) recommend the readability of patient materials be ≤6th grade reading level . Patient materials have been repeatedly shown to be too complex …”

“…Because the average US adult reads at an 8th grade level, 8,9 the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the American Medical Association (AMA) recommend the readability of patient materials be ≤6th grade reading level. [20][21][22][23][24] Patient materials have been repeatedly shown to be too complex. 9,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] In this study, we evaluate the readability of invasive procedure consent forms used in daily clinical practice.…”

“…[20][21][22][23][24] Patient materials have been repeatedly shown to be too complex. 9,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] In this study, we evaluate the readability of invasive procedure consent forms used in daily clinical practice. We hypothesized that text provided in consent forms would exceed the AMA/NIHrecommended readability guidelines for medical information (i.e., reading level >6th grade).…”