Readability of Information on Smartphone Apps for Total Hip Replacement and Total Knee Replacement Surgery Patients

Bahadori, Shayan; Wainwright, Tom; Ahmed, Osman Hassan

doi:10.1177/2374373519844266

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Several research implications arise from our study findings. We concur with the suggestions by Bahadori et al [ 23 ] that researchers could undertake a number of measures to improve app readability. Users are also occasionally involved in the conceptualization of the app and in user testing.…”

supporting

confidence: 90%

“…The Gunning Fog Index estimates the number of years of formal education required for an individual to understand the text on the first reading; the score ranges from 0 to 19+ and is representative of the readability level of the document. A Gunning Fog score of 0-6 is indicative of low literacy, a score of 7 or 8 is indicative of junior high school–level literacy, a score of 9-12 is indicative of high school–level literacy, a score of 13-16 is indicative of college-level literacy, a score of 17 or 18 is indicative of graduate-level literacy, and a score ≥19 suggests higher professional–level qualifications [ 23 ]. The SMOG index estimates the years of education needed to understand a piece of writing, by evaluating 10 sentences from the beginning, middle, and end of the document.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Academics and developers are encouraged to consider the average reading level of the population when they are drafting these policies. As highlighted by Bahadori et al [ 23 ], an effective way to do so is to reduce the length of the sentence and target towards a reading level of grade 6. For continued monitoring of user experiences, they also recommend determining whether readability needs to be improved on an ongoing basis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID-19 Contact-Tracing Apps: Analysis of the Readability of Privacy Policies

Zhang¹,

Chow²,

Smith³

2020

J Med Internet Res

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Apps that enable contact-tracing are instrumental in mitigating the transmission of COVID-19, but there have been concerns among users about the data collected by these apps and their management. Contact tracing is of paramount importance when dealing with a pandemic, as it allows for rapid identification of cases based on the information collected from infected individuals about other individuals they may have had recent contact with. Advances in digital technology have enabled devices such as mobile phones to be used in the contract-tracing process. However, there is a potential risk of users’ personal information and sensitive data being stolen should hackers be in the near vicinity of these devices. Thus, there is a need to develop privacy-preserving apps. Meanwhile, privacy policies that outline the risk associated with the use of contact-tracing apps are needed, in formats that are easily readable and comprehensible by the public. To our knowledge, no previous study has examined the readability of privacy policies of contact-tracings apps. Therefore, we performed a readability analysis to evaluate the comprehensibility of privacy policies of 7 contact-tracing apps currently in use. The contents of the privacy policies of these apps were assessed for readability using Readability Test Tool, a free web-based reliability calculator, which computes scores based on a number of statistics (ie, word count and the number of complex words) and indices (ie, Flesch Reading Ease, Flesch-Kincaid Reading Grade Level, Gunning Fog Index, and Simplified Measure of Gobbledygook index). Our analysis revealed that explanations used in the privacy policies of these apps require a reading grade between 7 and 14, which is considerably higher than the reading ability of the average individual. We believe that improving the readability of privacy policies of apps could be potentially reassuring for users and may help facilitate the increased use of such apps.

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supporting

confidence: 90%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID-19 Contact-Tracing Apps: Analysis of the Readability of Privacy Policies

Zhang¹,

Chow²,

Smith³

2020

J Med Internet Res

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“…Although the educational quality of information related to KOA has improved recently, there is still poor readability, substantial variability, and inconsistencies in the information available on websites [ 29 - 32 ]. For KR, the information on mobile apps was investigated; however, no app that provided information related to KR met the recommended readability levels (the one app that was found easy to read provided information on hip replacement surgeries) [ 33 ]. Similar to websites and mobile apps, the educational quality of information related to KOA and KR on YouTube has also been found to be of poor quality [ 34 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Digital Health Technologies in Knee Osteoarthritis: Narrative Review

Shah¹,

Costello²,

Mehta³

et al. 2022

JMIR Rehabil Assist Technol

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Background With the increasing adoption of high-speed internet and mobile technologies by older adults, digital health is a promising modality to enhance clinical care for people with knee osteoarthritis (KOA), including those with knee replacement (KR). Objective This study aimed to summarize the current use, cost-effectiveness, and patient and clinician perspectives of digital health for intervention delivery in KOA and KR. Methods In this narrative review, search terms such as mobile health, smartphone, mobile application, mobile technology, ehealth, text message, internet, knee osteoarthritis, total knee arthroplasty, and knee replacement were used in the PubMed and Embase databases between October 2018 and February 2021. The search was limited to original articles published in the English language within the past 10 years. In total, 91 studies were included. Results Digital health technologies such as websites, mobile apps, telephone calls, SMS text messaging, social media, videoconferencing, and custom multi-technology systems have been used to deliver interventions in KOA and KR populations. Overall, there was significant heterogeneity in the types and applications of digital health used in these populations. Digital patient education improved disease-related knowledge, especially when used as an adjunct to traditional methods of patient education for both KOA and KR. Digital health that incorporated person-specific motivational messages, biofeedback, or patient monitoring was more successful at improving physical activity than self-directed digital interventions for both KOA and KR. Many digital exercise interventions were found to be as effective as in-person physical therapy for people with KOA. Many digital exercise interventions for KR incorporated both in-person and web-based treatments (blended format), communication with clinicians, and multi-technology systems and were successful in improving knee range of motion and self-reported symptoms and reducing the length of hospital stays. All digital interventions that incorporated cognitive behavioral therapy or similar psychological interventions showed significant improvements in knee pain, function, and psychological health when compared with no treatment or traditional treatments for both KOA and KR. Although limited in number, studies have indicated that digital health may be cost-effective for these populations, especially when travel costs are considered. Finally, although patients with KOA and KR and clinicians had positive views on digital health, concerns related to privacy and security and concerns related to logistics and training were raised by patients and clinicians, respectively. Conclusions For people with KOA and KR, many studies found digital health to be as effective as traditional treatments for patient education, physical activity, and exercise interventions. All digital interventions that incorporated cognitive behavioral therapy or similar psychological treatments were reported to result in significant improvements in patients with KOA and KR when compared with no treatment or traditional treatments. Overall, technologies that were blended and incorporated communication with clinicians, as well as biofeedback or patient monitoring, showed favorable outcomes.

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“…They found patients were inactive and slept poorly prior to THR and showed no improvement in 24-hour activity profiles 6 months postoperation. Commercial activity trackers and smartphone apps have been explored for monitoring and enhancing physical activity following surgery ( 30 – 34 ). However, very little evidence was found to support long-term efficacy of the technology in enhancing quality of life and patient monitoring post-THR ( 35 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Do People Undergo THR and What Do They Expect to Gain—A Comparison of the Views of Patients and Health Care Professionals

Bahadori

Collard

Williams

et al. 2020

Journal of Patient Experience

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Little concerted effort has been made to understand why individuals undergo total hip replacement (THR) surgery and their rehabilitation goals. Similarly, insight of views and perspective of health care professionals’ (HCPs) regarding surgery and what objective measures help them with decision-making is lacking. This patient and public involvement report aimed to explore both patients’ and HCPs’ perspectives of THR surgery. Twenty patients, 10 pre-THR, 10 post-THR, 9 physiotherapists, and 6 surgeons took part. Results suggest a consensus among patients and HCPs on pain reduction being the main reason for undergoing THR. The inability to carry out simple daily activities such as dog walking and sleep deprivation had a significant effect on patients’ mental and physical well-being. This article is the first to explore the views of THR patients and HCPs on reasons behind THR surgery amalgamated into a single report. As walking is important, wearable activity monitors are suggested as a possible motivator to enhance patient compliance to self-care rehabilitation and increase quality of life. A future research project on the use of such wearable activity monitors in enhancing mobility post-THR is therefore planned.

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Readability of Information on Smartphone Apps for Total Hip Replacement and Total Knee Replacement Surgery Patients

Cited by 12 publications

References 15 publications

COVID-19 Contact-Tracing Apps: Analysis of the Readability of Privacy Policies

COVID-19 Contact-Tracing Apps: Analysis of the Readability of Privacy Policies

Applications of Digital Health Technologies in Knee Osteoarthritis: Narrative Review

Why Do People Undergo THR and What Do They Expect to Gain—A Comparison of the Views of Patients and Health Care Professionals

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