“…Numerous early studies in the field of visual impairment investigated many aspects of braille reading. Some studies explored the reading rates of braille readers (Crandell & Wallace, 1974;Foulke, 1964;Grunwald, 1966;Lowenfeld, B., Abel, G. L., & Halten, P. H., 1969;McBride, 1974;Nolan & Kederis, 1969;Olson, Harlow, & Williams, 1975); the recognizability of braille characters, letters, and words (Burklen, 1932;Meyers, Ethington, & Ashcroft, 1958;Nolan & Kederis, 1969;Uniform Type Committee,' 1907, 1908, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913; and the learning of braille characters (Newman et al, 1982;Newman, Hall, Foster, & Gupta, 1984). Other studies examined the implications of modifying the braille code (Lorimer & Tobin, 1979;Martin & Sheffield, 1976); reading strategies (Millar, 1977), braille teaching strategies (Birns, 1976;Caton & Bradley, 1978-1979; and the effects of hand movements (Olson et al, 1975).…”