Readability Evaluations of Veterinary Client Handouts and Implications for Patient Care

Royal, Kenneth D.; Sheats, M. Katie; Kedrowicz, April A.

doi:10.1053/j.tcam.2018.03.005

Cited by 18 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Our results highlight substantial opportunity to improve readability of client consent forms in veterinary clinical research. Some previously published suggestions for clinicians and administrators crafting consent forms include using “plain language” as much as possible, keeping sentences to a maximum of 8‐10 words, limiting the use of words with 3 or more syllables, eliminating jargon and defining technical terms when use is required, using headings and subheadings to divide text into smaller sections, using questions as subheadings, leaving ample white space to avoid cramped text, and using active voice . Additionally, provision of informed consent templates by institutions can help investigators navigate the process of drafting readable consent forms, and provision of forms for study participants to read and digest in advance of their hospital visit could assist with understanding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is currently a void of information in the veterinary literature with respect to readability of medical consent forms. A single recent study evaluated the readability of other veterinary health literature, in the form of client education handouts, and found that 90% were written above the recommended readability range for maximizing comprehension . The objective of the current study was to conduct a multicenter assessment of the readability of consent forms used in veterinary clinical research employing 3 readily available readability statistics in order to identify opportunities to improve the written consent process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Readability of consent forms in veterinary clinical research

Sobolewski

Bryan

Duval

et al. 2019

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background “Readability” of consent forms is vital to the informed consent process. The average human hospital consent form is written at a 10th grade reading level, whereas the average American adult reads at an 8th grade level. Limited information currently exists regarding the readability of veterinary general medical or clinical research consent forms. Hypothesis/Objectives The goal of this study was to assess the readability of veterinary clinical trial consent forms from a group of veterinary referral centers recently involved in a working group focused on veterinary clinical trial review and consent. We hypothesized that consent forms would not be optimized for client comprehension and would be written above the National Institutes of Health‐recommended 6th grade reading level. Animals None. Methods This was a prospective study assessing a convenience sample of veterinary clinical trial consent forms. Readability was assessed using 3 methods: the Flesch‐Kincaid (F‐K) Grade Level, Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES), and the Readability Test Tool (RTT). Results were reported as mean (±SD) and compared across specialties. Results Fifty‐three consent forms were evaluated. Mean FRES was 37.5 ± 6.0 (target 60 or higher). Mean F‐K Grade Level was 13.0 ± 1.2 and mean RTT grade level was 12.75 ± 1.1 (target 6.0 or lower). There was substantial agreement between F‐K and RTT grade level scores (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.8). Conclusions and Clinical Importance No form evaluated met current health literacy recommendations for readability. A simple and readily available F‐K Microsoft‐based approach for evaluating grade level was in substantial agreement with other methods, suggesting that this approach might be sufficient for use by clinicians and administrators drafting forms for future studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Readability of consent forms in veterinary clinical research

Sobolewski

Bryan

Duval

et al. 2019

Veterinary Internal Medicne

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Another study evaluated the readability scores of the 10 most downloaded veterinary's client education brochures from dvm360.com in 2017. It indicates that the writing in nine of these brochures was at or above an eighth grade reading level, which considerably exceeds the suitable readability level for the public recommended by the American Medical Association (Royal, Sheats, & Kedrowicz, ). Since information obtained from the Internet has the potential to significantly impact pet health, and online information is not always reliable and their contents are sometimes poorly designed, it has been suggested to guide pet owners to appropriate online sources by using information interventions such as providing an information prescription (Naghshineh, Solhjoo, & Fahimnia, ; Oxley, Eastwood, & Kogan, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Interventions to assist pet owners in online health information seeking behaviour: a qualitative content analysis literature review and proposed model

Solhjoo

Naghshineh

Fahimnia

et al. 2018

Health Info Libraries J

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Objective Veterinarians and their clients are using online information to improve pets’ health. There are no comprehensive frameworks, theories and models to intervene and evaluate online health information seeking behaviour (HISB) of pet owners. The objective of this paper was to provide a comprehensive review of the literature and propose a model for evaluating and intervening pet owner's HISB. Methods The framework emerges from a systematic literature review and qualitative content analysis. NVivo 10 was used in this paper as an analysis tool for coding text and for supporting framework generation through identifying patterns. Results We indicate the most influencing factors on online HISB of pet owners, types of interventions for enhancing pet health information consumer skills and possible pet health outcomes. The themes identified from the literature review have been resulted into the development of a model for investigating pet owners’ health information behaviour interventions. Discussion We strengthen our findings further by learning from health behaviour models. Based on adaptation of the interaction model of client health behaviour, we developed our initial model. Conclusion This model serves as an initial step to engage health librarians and veterinarians for planning on pet health information outreach. However, future studies need to test the proposed model in various case studies and populations.

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“…Pet owners' education levels significantly related to their eHealth literacy skills. Previous studies note that educational background influences eHealth literacy [15,[24][25] in some instances. Similarly, in the pet/eHealth context having a higher level of education has been associated with greater overall eHealth literacy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Veterinarians' information Prescription and Clients' eHealth Literacy

Solhjoo

Naghshineh

Fahimnia

2019

J Can Health Libr Assoc

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Introduction: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between pet owner’s combined knowledge, comfort, and perceived skills at finding, evaluating, applying online pet health information, and the application of the information prescription (IP) provided for pet owners education on the internet. Methods: Thirty telephone interviews were conducted followed by a questionnaire of eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) with pet owners after receiving an IP with a suggested websites in addition to their customary veterinary services in a vet clinic at the center of Tehran, Iran. Qualitative and quantitative data were merged to explore differences and similarities among respondents with different eHealth literacy levels. Results: Results indicate that pet owners with higher score of eHealth literacy more accessed the suggested websites and reported positive feelings about this addition to their veterinary services. Similarly, among the eight-item self-reported eHealth Literacy skills, perceived skills at evaluating and applying, were significantly associated with the use of IPs. Lastly eHealth literacy level was significantly associated with the outcomes of prescribed information, such as veterinarians-client communication outcome and learning outcomes. Conclusion: Disparities in application of the veterinarian’s IPs for online pet healthcare information, and its outcomes are associated with different eHealth literacy skills. Veterinarians should collaborate with information specialists and librarians to perform education efforts to raise awareness on online pet health information quality and impact of veterinarian directed information prescription especially among low health literate owners.

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Readability Evaluations of Veterinary Client Handouts and Implications for Patient Care

Cited by 18 publications

References 14 publications

Readability of consent forms in veterinary clinical research

Readability of consent forms in veterinary clinical research

Interventions to assist pet owners in online health information seeking behaviour: a qualitative content analysis literature review and proposed model

Veterinarians' information Prescription and Clients' eHealth Literacy

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