Reactor Design for Manufacturing Carbon Hybrid Materials

Kim, Sung Hoon; Chitranshi, Megha; Pujari, Anuptha; Ng, Vianessa; Kubley, Ashley; Hudepohl, Ronald; Shanov, Vesselin; Anantharaman, Devanathan; Chen, Daniel; Chauhan, Devika; Schulz, Mark J.

doi:10.5185/amlett.2022.011685

“…The CNT sock (web of nanotubes) forms in the high-temperature synthesis zone of the reactor and is collected at the outlet of the reactor onto a rotating drum. A detailed description of the synthesis process tuning, process analysis, and characterization techniques can be found in our previously published research articles [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ]. The as-synthesized CNT sheet materials are cleaned and expanded through an acid treatment and activation process.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemically Activated CNT Sheet as a Cathode for Zn-CO2 Batteries

Chen

¹

,

Chitranshi

²

,

Shanov

³

et al. 2022

IJMS

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High demand for electrochemical storage devices is increasing the need for high-performance batteries. A Zn-CO2 battery offers a promising solution for CO2 reduction as well as energy storage applications. For this study, a Zn-CO2 battery was fabricated using a Carbon Nanotube (CNT) sheet as a cathode and a Zn plate as an anode. The electrochemical activation technique was used to increase the surface area of the CNT electrode by roughly 4.5 times. Copper (Cu) as a catalyst was then deposited onto the activated CNT electrode using electrodeposition method and different Cu loadings were investigated to optimize CO2 reduction. The final assembled Zn-CO2 battery has a 1.6 V output voltage at a current density of 0.063 mA/cm2, which is higher than most devices reported in the literature. This study demonstrates the importance of activation process which enabled more catalyst loading on the cathode resulted in additional active sites for electroreduction process. This paper presents the activated CNT sheet as a promising cathode material for Zn-CO2 batteries.

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“…The CNTs are grown from the catalyst, which aggregates to form a long CNT sock. The sock is collected at the outlet of the ceramic tube and is rolled into a sheet with the help of a translator covered with a Teflon sheet wound on a drum in a glovebox [ 32 , 33 ]. Video presentations that further describe the methods are given in [ 34 ].…”

Section: Carbon Hybrid Materials (Chm) Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Hybrid Materials—Design, Manufacturing, and Applications

Pujari

¹

,

Chauhan

²

,

Chitranshi

³

et al. 2023

Self Cite

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have extraordinary properties and are used for applications in various fields of engineering and research. Due to their unique combination of properties, such as good electrical and thermal conductivity and mechanical strength, there is an increasing demand to produce CNTs with enhanced and customized properties. CNTs are produced using different synthesis methods and have extraordinary properties individually at the nanotube scale. However, it is challenging to achieve these properties when CNTs are used to form macroscopic sheets, tapes, and yarns. To further improve the properties of macroscale forms of CNTs, various types of nanoparticles and microfibers can be integrated into the CNT materials. The nanoparticles and microfibers can be chosen to selectively enhance the properties of CNT materials at the macroscopic level. In this paper, we propose a technique to manufacture carbon hybrid materials (CHMs) by combining CNT non-woven fabric (in the form of sheets or tapes) with microfibers to form CNT-CF hybrid materials with new/improved properties. CHMs are formed by integrating or adding nanoparticles, microparticles, or fibers into the CNT sheet. The additive materials can be incorporated into the synthesis process from the inlet or the outlet of the reactor system. This paper focuses on CHMs produced using the gas phase pyrolysis method with microparticles/fibers integrated at the outlet of the reactor and continuous microfiber tapes integrated into the CNT sheet at the outlet using a tape feeding machine. After synthesis, characterizations such as microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis were used to study the morphology and composition of the CNTs, and examples for potential applications are discussed in this paper.

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“…A major problem encountered towards the synthesis of CNT sheet is discontinuity of CNT; therefore, we employed larger diameter ceramic reactor [39] in this study to address occasional breaking of sock. Through this strategy, we synthesized 90 cm long continuous CNT sheet by depositing CNT aerogel for a longer period of time at defined parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One Step Fabrication of Aligned Carbon Nanotube Sheet via FC‐CVD Technique

Sehrawat

¹

,

Rani

²

,

Singh

³

2022

Journal of Nanomaterials

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The rising need for lightweight and strong mechanical structures has contributed significantly towards the development of CNT macrostructures; however, the interplay of parameters and their discontinuous synthesis have obstructed their delivery to commercial level. Herein, floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition technique (FC-CVD) has been employed for the fabrication of 90 cm long CNT sheet via continuous production of CNT aerogel. High degree of graphitization, thermal stability and purity have been indicated by Raman spectroscopy ( I G / I D = 10.03 ), thermogravimetric analysis, and SEM studies. Continuous winding of CNT aerogel has increased the alignment into the sample which resulted into high electrical conductivity value of 21400 S/m. Furthermore, the alignment has been quantified by calculating optical anisotropic ratio I G / I G ⊥ via polarized Raman technique and conductivity anisotropic ratio κ / κ ⊥ which were calculated to be 4.63 and 3.4, respectively, and show reasonable agreement. These findings indicate that a well correlation of synthesis parameters results in highly aligned CNT sheet structure in a single step.

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Reactor Design for Manufacturing Carbon Hybrid Materials

Cited by 6 publications

References 17 publications

Electrochemically Activated CNT Sheet as a Cathode for Zn-CO2 Batteries

Electrochemically Activated CNT Sheet as a Cathode for Zn-CO2 Batteries

Carbon Hybrid Materials—Design, Manufacturing, and Applications

One Step Fabrication of Aligned Carbon Nanotube Sheet via FC‐CVD Technique

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