Reactivity of the Sulphur Linkage in Wool

Speakman, J. B.

doi:10.1038/132930a0

Cited by 61 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Formaldehyde is a well-known cross-linking agent for wool, reacting to form several different alkali-resistant cross-linkages and reducing the alkali solubility by 66 % compared with unmodified wool [22][23][24][25][26]. Formaldehyde treatment acts on the cystine groups in wool, decreasing the formation of lanthionine with the consequent loss of sulphur; this protection occurs after the cleavage of the disulphide bridge, when one of the exposed sulphur atoms reacts with CH 2 O forming thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid and the other sulphur atom forms sulphenic acid [27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Synthesis and mechanical properties of new fibre-reinforced composites of inorganic polymers with natural wool fibres

Alzeer

MacKenzie

2012

J Mater Sci

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New fibre-reinforced composites of aluminosilicate inorganic polymer (geopolymer) with natural proteinbased fibres (carpet and Merino wool) were developed, and their mechanical properties determined. The surfaces of some of the wool fibres used in this study were chemically modified to improve their alkali resistance and reinforcing properties. The flexural strengths and failure characteristics of the composites, determined on bar-shaped samples by a three-point test method, show an approximately 40 % improvement over the unreinforced matrix and graceful failure, unlike the unreinforced matrix that displays ceramic-like brittle fracture. Interaction between the sulphide linkages of the wool and the aluminosilicate matrix produces a blue-green colour in the wool, shown by UV-visible and IR spectroscopy to be related to the formation of the sulpho-aluminosilicate compound sodalite. The thermal behaviour of these composites was studied by thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy was used to study the fibre-matrix interface.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Synthesis and mechanical properties of new fibre-reinforced composites of inorganic polymers with natural wool fibres

Alzeer

MacKenzie

2012

J Mater Sci

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“…The loss of glutamic acid which they noticed, though not apparent in our analysis, can easily be attributed to the higher temperature used. Otherwise, data given by Swan (1957) show that, in model molecules where @elimination is not allowed (as a&'-dimethylcystine), slow degradation in hot aqueous alkali is noticed, which may well proceed by reactions of the kind envisaged by Rosenthal & Oster (1954) or Schoberl (1933) and Speakman (1933). These conditions are too different from ours to allow a compari-'son.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

IS THE ALKALINE CLEAVAGE OF DISULFIDE BONDS IN PEPTIDES AN Α‐β ELIMINATION REACTION OR a HYDROLYSIS?

Federici¹,

Duprè²,

Matarese³

et al. 1977

International Journal of Peptide and Protein Research

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The cleavage of oxidized glutathione by alkali has been studied as representative of the cleavage of protein disulfides. This process is quite different when studied in l o 4 N or 2 * lo-' NNaOH. A t low alkali concentration no spectral changes are noted; at higher hydroxyl concentration the appearance of persulfide groups (followed at 335 nm), the formation o f thiocyanate (arising from cold cyanolysis of persulfide groups) and the absorbance at 240nm follow the same kinetics. The amount of half-cystine, recovered as cysteic acid after a 3-h reaction, is significantly lower than calculated.These results confirm that oxidized glutathione undergoes 0-elimination at high p H values, and that persulfide groups absorb not only at 335 nm (as already known) but also at 240nm where, under our conditions, the contribution of other absorbing species is not very high.

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“…The primary reactions with wool are: I . Cystine oxidation [ 19,50]: cystine residues are rapidly oxidized to cysteic acid residues:…”

Section: Chemistry Of Wet Chlorinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developments in Wool Printing

Bell¹,

Lewis²

1983

Textile Research Journal

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Traditional wool printing methods are described, stressing the two main problem areas of fabric preparation by prechlorination and print development in steamers; techniques to overcome or minimize these problems are discussed. Difficulties associated with special styles such as discharge and resist printing are also critically examined. Growing interest in blend printing presents special problems, and methods of overcoming these in the case of wool/polyester and wool/cotton blends are given. Recent developments in the field of transfer printing all wool fabrics are also described.below. Other wool articles that have been printed include heavier weight ladies' wear fabrics, single jersey knitwear, knitted garments, blankets, and upholstery fabric.

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Reactivity of the Sulphur Linkage in Wool

Cited by 61 publications

References 3 publications

Synthesis and mechanical properties of new fibre-reinforced composites of inorganic polymers with natural wool fibres

Synthesis and mechanical properties of new fibre-reinforced composites of inorganic polymers with natural wool fibres

IS THE ALKALINE CLEAVAGE OF DISULFIDE BONDS IN PEPTIDES AN Α‐β ELIMINATION REACTION OR a HYDROLYSIS?

Developments in Wool Printing

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