Reactivity of chlorine atoms in aqueous solution Part 1The equilibrium ClMNsbd+Cl-Cl2-

Zero-valent iron/persulfate(Fe0/PS) oxidation acetaminophen in water

“…14) and S 2 O 8 2-(Eq. 15), thereby significantly slow down the APAP degradation (Buxton et al 1999). On the other side, only 16.57 % APAP was degraded at pH 10 within 180 min.…”

Fundamental Mechanistic Studies of the Photo-Fenton Reaction for the Degradation of Organic Pollutants

“…However, as the photo-Fenton process proceeds, partial degradation of the organic material causes the pH of the medium to fall to ca. pH 2.0, where photolysis of FeCl 2+ dominates over photolysis of Fe(OH) 2+ and where the chloride ion efficiently converts any HO • formed in the system into the intrinsically much less reactive Cl 2 • -radical anion (Bacardit et al, 2007;Buxton et al, 1999;De Laat et al, 2004;George & Chovelon, 2002;Kiwi et al, 2000;McElroy, 1990;Moraes, et al, 2004a;Nadtochenko & Kiwi, 1998;Pignatello, 1992;Soler et al, 2009;Truong et al, 2004;Yu, 2004;Yu et al, 2004;Yu & Barker, 2003a, 2003bZapata et al, 2009). As a result, virtually complete inhibition of the photoFenton degradation of typical organic substrates (Kiwi & Nadtochenko, 2000; www.intechopen.com Moraes et al, 2004aMoraes et al, , 2004bPignatello, 1992) will occur at moderate chloride ion concentrations [>0.03 M NaCl for aliphatic hydrocarbons (Moraes et al, 2004a); >0.2 M NaCl for phenols] when the pH of the medium reaches pH 2.0 or below.…”

Reactivity of selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) toward the sulfate radical (SO4−)

“…However, when necessary (i.e., for low SO 4 Ϫ concentrations), the averaging capacities of the oscilloscope were used. In that case, up to 16 single shot experiments were averaged before transmission to the computer.…”

“…The SO 4 Ϫ radical was produced by the laser-flash photolysis of peroxodisulphate anions (S 2 O 8 2Ϫ ):…”

“…One potentially important radical in cloud water is the sulfate radical (SO 4 -) which may be produced by different reactions:…”