Reactivity assessment of lithium with the different components of novel Si/Ni3.4Sn4/Al/C composite anode for Li-ion batteries

One-step synthesis of Ni3Sn2@reduced graphene oxide composite with enhanced electrochemical lithium storage properties

“…5b), which correspond to the lithium insertion into and extraction from rGO, respectively [7]. Moreover, the capacitive contribution from the carbon component leads to significant cathodic and anodic current densities over a wide potential window [30]. The CV results are well consistent with the data reported in the literatures [13,22].…”

Impact of Surface Chemistry of Silicon Nanoparticles on the Structural and Electrochemical Properties of Si/Ni3.4Sn4 Composite Anode for Li-Ion Batteries

“…Figure 7 displays the DCP plots for the three composites at the 1st, 3rd and 400 cycles. For the first galvanostatic cycle of the bare Si R -NiSn composite ( Figure 7 a), four clear reduction peaks of moderate intensity are observed at 0.66, 0.56, 0.42 and 0.34 V and a broad additional one below 0.1 V. The first four peaks are attributed to lithiation of the main phase (free Sn), whereas the latter one is assigned to the formation of Li-rich Li y Si and Li z Sn alloys [ 31 ]. In the anodic branch, four clear oxidation peaks are observed at 0.44, 0.58, 0.70 and 0.78 V, which are attributed to the decomposition of the different Li z Sn alloys (Li 7 Sn 2 , Li 5 Sn 2 , LiSn and Li 2 Sn 5 ) in agreement with previous reports [ 38 , 42 ].…”

“…It should be also noticed that very similar featureless anodic branches are observed at cycles 3 ( Figure 7 b) and 400 ( Figure 7 c), which is concomitant with the long-term cycling stability of Si O -NiSn ( Figure 6 a). As for the cathodic branch at cycles 3 and 400, two broad peaks are detected at 0.24 and 0.19 V that are tentatively attributed to the formation of poorly crystallized Li z Sn and Li y Si alloys, respectively [ 31 ]. The sharp peak detected at 0.22 V at the 1st reduction attributed to the SiO 2 lithiation is not detected in subsequent cycles showing its irreversible behavior.…”

“…These three Si-precursors were used to synthetize the composites (Si-Ni 3.4 Sn 4 -Al) via ball milling of Si, Ni 3.4 Sn 4 (99.9%, ≤125 μm, home-made) and Al (99%, ≤75 μm, Sigma-Aldrich, Saint-Louis, USA) powders for 20 h under an inert atmosphere. Further details on intermetallic Ni 3.4 Sn 4 and composite synthesis can be found in [ 30 , 31 , 32 ]. No addition of carbon graphite in the milling jar as PCA was used for the current investigation.…”

“…Following this concept, our group thoroughly investigated composites of general formulation Si-Ni 3.4 Sn 4 -Al-C prepared via mechanochemistry [ 30 , 31 , 32 ]. They consist of submicronic silicon particles embedded in a nanostructured matrix made of Ni 3.4 Sn 4 , aluminum and graphite carbon.…”