Reactive project scheduling: minimizing delays in the completion times of projects

Construction 4.0 Application: Industry 4.0, Internet of Things and Lean Construction Tools’ Application in Quality Management System of Residential Building Projects

“…An Eigenvalue of 1.0 was accepted as the point of highest perfect reliability, and therefore the closer the value to 1.0 the more reliable. Therefore, values between 0.9 and 1.0 were classified as the highest point of quality reliability, scores between 0.7 and 0.8 were classified as medium reliability or medium quality, and scores between 0.5 and 0.6 were classified as low-quality values, in accordance with [20,21].…”

“…Some of the methods used in analyzing the collated data include the simple percentage, Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman rank test, and mean item scores. The Relative Mean Index (RMI) and Relative Importance and Agreement Index of Mean item scores were calculated using the equation stated below, as used in Likert (2004) following a Likert scale of 1 to 5 [20]:…”

“…In the design stage, decision support systems have helped to maintain automation in design, thereby eliminating waste and ensuring quality decisions. Some such systems include AutoDesk, Revit, Orion, and Primavera [20,21]. These systems have helped to ensure quality in processes and products.…”

“…The role of Industry 4.0 in the construction industry has been mentioned in other submissions such as in the works of [22][23][24], in which the challenges involved in C 4.0 quality issues were mentioned in [22], risk management was studied in [23], and a solution to quality management in construction was stressed in [21,24,25]. Furthermore, Construction 4.0, as presented in Table 3, has influenced the construction industry positively, and according to submissions in [20,21], which explored issues around Construction 4.0, the areas of influence of Construction 4.0 in the construction industry include automation, robotics, mobile computing, cybernetics, and additive and intelligent manufacturing. It has tremendously impacted the ecological landscape; therefore, in the context of this study, the area of influence of Construction 4.0 was identified to include intelligence manufacturing, the development of digitalization initiatives in quality management, additive manufacturing, artificial intelligence in quality management, and mobile computing systems for quality management, among others.…”