Reactive Power is a Cheap Constraint

Kahn, Edward; Baldick, Ross

doi:10.5547/issn0195-6574-ej-vol15-no4-9

Cited by 44 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In this paper, we assume that the reactive power provision capability of the generators lie within a certain percentage, δ, of their real power output. Furthermore, we do not price reactive power as it does not carry energy and does not directly contribute to fuel costs [36]. We note, however, that the reactive power can also be easily priced using the Lagrange multipliers of the reactive power balance constraint at each distribution bus.…”

Section: Subject To Power Flow Load and Dg Units Line Flow And Eesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transactive-Market-Based Operation of Distributed Electrical Energy Storage with Grid Constraints

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:In a transactive energy market, distributed energy resources (DERs) such as dispatchable distributed generators (DGs), electrical energy storages (EESs), distribution-scale load aggregators (LAs), and renewable energy sources (RESs) have to earn their share of supply or demand through a bidding process. In such a market, the distribution system operator (DSO) may optimally schedule these resources, first in a forward market, i.e., day-ahead, and in a real-time market later on, while maintaining a reliable and economic distribution grid. In this paper, an efficient day-ahead scheduling of these resources, in the presence of interaction with wholesale market at the locational marginal price (LMP), is studied. Due to inclusion of EES units with integer constraints, a detailed mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulation that incorporates simplified DistFlow equations to account for grid constraints is proposed. Convex quadratic line and transformer apparent power flow constraints have been linearized using an outer approximation. The proposed model schedules DERs based on distribution locational marginal price (DLMP), which is obtained as the Lagrange multiplier of the real power balance constraint at each distribution bus while maintaining physical grid constraints such as line limits, transformer limits, and bus voltage magnitudes. Case studies are performed on a modified IEEE 13-bus system with high DER penetration. Simulation results show the validity and efficiency of the proposed model.

show abstract

Section: Subject To Power Flow Load and Dg Units Line Flow And Eesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transactive-Market-Based Operation of Distributed Electrical Energy Storage with Grid Constraints

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The complementarity constraints modeling the behaviour of generator i in any scenario s ∈ S can be expressed as 4 :…”

Section: A Principle and Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The evaluation of reactive power support and reserves has gained even more attention within the context of unbundling of generation and transmission [4]- [10]. Provision of reactive power reserve is an ancillary service that has to be valuated and paid accordingly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Assessing Reactive Power Reserves With Respect to Operating Constraints and Voltage Stability

Capitanescu

2011

IEEE Trans. Power Syst.

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-This paper proposes a two-step approach to evaluate reactive power reserves with respect to operating constraints and voltage stability for a set of postulated operating scenarios. The first step determines the minimum overall needed reactive power reserves of generators such that the system withstands, from a static viewpoint, any postulated scenario. This problem is formulated as a security constrained optimal power flow (SCOPF) which includes operating constraints relative to all postulated scenarios. Particular attention is paid to the techniques aimed to reduce the large size of the SCOPF problem. The second step determines additional reserves to ensure voltage stability of scenarios for which, when modeling dynamic system behaviour, the reserves obtained by SCOPF are insufficient. These reserves are computed using a heuristic technique which relies on dynamic simulation. Numerical results on four test systems of 60, 118, 618, and 1203 buses support the interest of the approach.Index Terms-optimal power flow, reactive power reserves, security constrained optimal power flow, voltage stability

show abstract

“…In reality other network constraints also allow generators to exploit local geographic position for market power. Kahn and Baldick (1994) give an example, also in the three node, two generator, equal line impedance style, where voltage constraints coupled with one seller's refusal to support network requirements become a tool for market share gains. These examples resemble some of the documented abuses of market power by the large generators in the UK (OFFER 1992d;OFFER 1993b).…”

Section: Blocking Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Organization of bulk power markets: A concept paper

Kahn¹,

Stoft²

1995

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Reactive Power is a Cheap Constraint

Cited by 44 publications

References 16 publications

Transactive-Market-Based Operation of Distributed Electrical Energy Storage with Grid Constraints

Transactive-Market-Based Operation of Distributed Electrical Energy Storage with Grid Constraints

Assessing Reactive Power Reserves With Respect to Operating Constraints and Voltage Stability

Organization of bulk power markets: A concept paper

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About