Reactive Oxygen Species: The Good and the Bad

Patel, Roma H.; Rinker, Lindsey; Peng, Joanna; Chilian, William M.

doi:10.5772/intechopen.71547

Cited by 64 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Several studies have attributed oxidative stress as one of the mechanisms in which FB 1 exerts its toxicity [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ]. Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) results in oxidative damage to cells and macromolecules including DNA [ 44 ]. While some studies have disputed the genotoxic potential of FB 1 [ 17 , 18 ], others have reported chromosomal aberrations and oxidative DNA damage triggered by FB 1 exposure [ 16 , 39 , 45 , 46 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fumonisin B1 Epigenetically Regulates PTEN Expression and Modulates DNA Damage Checkpoint Regulation in HepG2 Liver Cells

Arumugam

Ghazi

Chuturgoon

2020

Toxins

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Fumonisin B1 (FB1), a Fusarium-produced mycotoxin, is found in various foods and feeds. It is a well-known liver carcinogen in experimental animals; however, its role in genotoxicity is controversial. The current study investigated FB1-triggered changes in the epigenetic regulation of PTEN and determined its effect on DNA damage checkpoint regulation in human liver hepatoma G2 (HepG2) cells. Following treatment with FB1 (IC50: 200 µM; 24 h), the expression of miR-30c, KDM5B, PTEN, H3K4me3, PI3K, AKT, p-ser473-AKT, CHK1, and p-ser280-CHK1 was measured using qPCR and/or Western blot. H3K4me3 enrichment at the PTEN promoter region was assayed via a ChIP assay and DNA damage was determined using an ELISA. FB1 induced oxidative DNA damage. Total KDM5B expression was reduced, which subsequently increased the total H3K4me3 and the enrichment of H3K4me3 at PTEN promoters. Increased H3K4me3 induced an increase in PTEN transcript levels. However, miR-30c inhibited PTEN translation. Thus, PI3K/AKT signaling was activated, inhibiting CHK1 activity via phosphorylation of its serine 280 residue preventing the repair of damaged DNA. In conclusion, FB1 epigenetically modulates the PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling cascade, preventing DNA damage checkpoint regulation, and induces significant DNA damage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fumonisin B1 Epigenetically Regulates PTEN Expression and Modulates DNA Damage Checkpoint Regulation in HepG2 Liver Cells

Arumugam

Ghazi

Chuturgoon

2020

Toxins

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“…Cellular proliferation and apoptosis/necrosis, in addition to the immunity and allergy, are mostly dependent on the ROS balance [65]. Thus, ROS act as bifunctional reactors and exhibit both "good and bad" aspects in living cells, which might be similar in IVinfected host cells and the propagation of IV progeny [66]. These cellular events after IV infection were summarized in Fig.…”

Section: Influenza Virus (Iv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox control in the pathophysiology of influenza virus infection

et al. 2020

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Triggered in response to external and internal ligands in cells and animals, redox homeostasis is transmitted via signal molecules involved in defense redox mechanisms through networks of cell proliferation, differentiation, intracellular detoxification, bacterial infection, and immune reactions. Cellular oxidation is not necessarily harmful per se, but its effects depend on the balance between the peroxidation and antioxidation cascades, which can vary according to the stimulus and serve to maintain oxygen homeostasis. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are generated during influenza virus (IV) infection have critical effects on both the virus and host cells. In this review, we outline the link between viral infection and redox control using IV infection as an example. We discuss the current state of knowledge on the molecular relationship between cellular oxidation mediated by ROS accumulation and the diversity of IV infection. We also summarize the potential anti-IV agents available currently that act by targeting redox biology/pathophysiology.

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“…Enzymatic antioxidants, such as glutathione peroxidases (GPxs) or superoxide dismutases (SODs), as well as nonenzymatic antioxidants (vitamin A, vitamin E, zinc, and selenium), are essential for maintaining adequate levels of ROS in the cell by disposing and removing excess free radicals. Any disruption in the ROS/antioxidants balance leads to a state of OS in the cell with damaging consequences [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GPx8 Expression in Rat Oocytes, Embryos, and Female Genital Organs During Preimplantation Period of Pregnancy

Mihálik

Kreheľová

Kovaříková

et al. 2020

IJMS

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This study aimed to detect the presence of glutathione peroxidase 8 (GPx8) in rat during preimplantation period of pregnancy. Females were killed on first (D1), third (D3), and fifth (D5) day of pregnancy. The presence of GPx8 in embryos was detected under the confocal microscope, the presence of GPx8 in genital organs was confirmed immunohistochemically, and the amount of GPx8 was determined using densitometry. We found that GPx8 is dispersed in the cytoplasm of oocytes, while after fertilization, it is concentrated in granules. From 4-cell stage till blastocyst, GPx8 reaction was found in the perinuclear region. In the ovary, GPx8 was seen in granulosa-lutein cells, in plasma of blood vessels, and inside Graafian follicles. In oviduct, GPx8 was detected in the plasma and in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Moreover, epithelial cells of isthmus were positive. In uterus, GPx8 was observed in the uterine glands, in the plasma, and in ECM. On D5, the enzyme disappeared from the uterine glands and appeared in fibroblasts. Densitometry revealed that the highest amount of GPx8 was on D1 and subsequently declined. To our knowledge, this is the first paper describing GPx8 presence in the oocytes, preimplantation embryos, and female genital organs in mammals. Our results improve the understanding of antioxidant enzymes presence during pregnancy in defense against oxidative stress, which is considered to be one of the main causes of infertility.

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Reactive Oxygen Species: The Good and the Bad

Cited by 64 publications

References 44 publications

Fumonisin B1 Epigenetically Regulates PTEN Expression and Modulates DNA Damage Checkpoint Regulation in HepG2 Liver Cells

Fumonisin B1 Epigenetically Regulates PTEN Expression and Modulates DNA Damage Checkpoint Regulation in HepG2 Liver Cells

Redox control in the pathophysiology of influenza virus infection

GPx8 Expression in Rat Oocytes, Embryos, and Female Genital Organs During Preimplantation Period of Pregnancy

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