Reactive Oxygen Species as the Brainbox in Malaria Treatment

Egwu, Chinedu Ogbonnia; Augereau, Jean‐Michel; Reybier, Karine; Benoit‐Vical, Françoise

doi:10.3390/antiox10121872

Cited by 31 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 145 publications

(229 reference statements)

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“…Additionally, along this intraerythrocytic stage, Plasmodium species rely on host hemoglobin (the main component of red blood cells (RBCs)) as a source of amino acids [ 24 ]. Notwithstanding, hemoglobin degradation releases free heme parts that cause oxidative stress to the parasite [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. Thus, to evade heme toxicity and cell death, the parasite converts heme into an inert crystal, the hemozoin, in the digestive vacuole [ 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Malaria Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Later, the same team used this simple and inexpensive system to assess biophysical alterations in RBCs following hemin-induced oxidative stress [ 94 ]. One of the major sources of oxidative stress in the malaria parasite originates in the pathway of hemoglobin degradation to hemozoin formation as a result of iron oxidation [ 24 , 25 ]. Despite not measuring hemozoin directly, this system analysis an outcome of hemozoin formation and shows that hemin concentration correlates with RBCs deformability [ 94 ].…”

Section: Lab-on-a-chip and Other Microdevices For Hemozoin-based Mala...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Microdevices for Hemozoin-Based Malaria Detection

et al. 2022

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Despite being preventable and treatable, malaria still puts almost half of the world’s population at risk. Thus, prompt, accurate and sensitive malaria diagnosis is crucial for disease control and elimination. Optical microscopy and immuno-rapid tests are the standard malaria diagnostic methods in the field. However, these are time-consuming and fail to detect low-level parasitemia. Biosensors and lab-on-a-chip devices, as reported to different applications, usually offer high sensitivity, specificity, and ease of use at the point of care. Thus, these can be explored as an alternative for malaria diagnosis. Alongside malaria infection inside the human red blood cells, parasites consume host hemoglobin generating the hemozoin crystal as a by-product. Hemozoin is produced in all parasite species either in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. Furthermore, hemozoin crystals are produced as the parasites invade the red blood cells and their content relates to disease progression. Hemozoin is, therefore, a unique indicator of infection, being used as a malaria biomarker. Herein, the so-far developed biosensors and lab-on-a-chip devices aiming for malaria detection by targeting hemozoin as a biomarker are reviewed and discussed to fulfil all the medical demands for malaria management towards elimination.

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Section: Malaria Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lab-on-a-chip and Other Microdevices For Hemozoin-based Mala...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Microdevices for Hemozoin-Based Malaria Detection

et al. 2022

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“…Artemisinin is identified by the presence of the endoperoxide group in its structure, which is responsible for its antimalarial activity [ 217 ], for it alkyls the heme group and prevents its polymerization in hemozoin, causing an increase in ROS/RNS production [ 218 ]. However, long-term resistance to the combination of artemisinin with these drugs has been reported [ 219 , 220 ].…”

Section: Antioxidant Therapy In Malariamentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress in Malaria: Potential Benefits of Antioxidant Therapy

Gomes

Cunha

Varela

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Malaria is an infectious disease and a serious public health problem in the world, with 3.3 billion people in endemic areas in 100 countries and about 200 million new cases each year, resulting in almost 1 million deaths in 2018. Although studies look for strategies to eradicate malaria, it is necessary to know more about its pathophysiology to understand the underlying mechanisms involved, particularly the redox balance, to guarantee success in combating this disease. In this review, we addressed the involvement of oxidative stress in malaria and the potential benefits of antioxidant supplementation as an adjuvant antimalarial therapy.

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“…For the endoperoxides, artemisinin and its derivatives (artemether, artesunate, arteether) are the main examples. The endoperoxides generally increase the oxidative stress level, attacking essential biomolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids and lipids in the parasite, which leads to the death of the parasites [11]. The hydroxynaphtoquinones inhibit the respiratory chain of the parasite [12].…”

Section: Overview Of the Current Antimalarial Portfoliomentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Drug Pressure versus Limited Access to Drug in Malaria Control: The Dilemma

Egwu

Obasi²,

Aloke

et al. 2022

Medicines

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Malaria burden has severe impact on the world. Several arsenals, including the use of antimalarials, are in place to curb the malaria burden. However, the application of these antimalarials has two extremes, limited access to drug and drug pressure, which may have similar impact on malaria control, leading to treatment failure through divergent mechanisms. Limited access to drugs ensures that patients do not get the right doses of the antimalarials in order to have an effective plasma concentration to kill the malaria parasites, which leads to treatment failure and overall reduction in malaria control via increased transmission rate. On the other hand, drug pressure can lead to the selection of drug resistance phenotypes in a subpopulation of the malaria parasites as they mutate in order to adapt. This also leads to a reduction in malaria control. Addressing these extremes in antimalarial application can be essential in maintaining the relevance of the conventional antimalarials in winning the war against malaria.

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Reactive Oxygen Species as the Brainbox in Malaria Treatment

Cited by 31 publications

References 145 publications

Review of Microdevices for Hemozoin-Based Malaria Detection

Review of Microdevices for Hemozoin-Based Malaria Detection

Oxidative Stress in Malaria: Potential Benefits of Antioxidant Therapy

Impact of Drug Pressure versus Limited Access to Drug in Malaria Control: The Dilemma

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