Reactive Oxygen Species and Strategies for Antioxidant Intervention in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Abstract

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening pulmonary condition characterized by the sudden onset of respiratory failure, pulmonary edema, dysfunction of endothelial and epithelial barriers, and the activation of inflammatory cascades. Despite the increasing number of deaths attributed to ARDS, a comprehensive therapeutic approach for managing patients with ARDS remains elusive. To elucidate the pathological mechanisms underlying ARDS, numerous studies have employed various preclinical models, often utilizing lipopolysaccharide as the ARDS inducer. Accumulating evidence emphasizes the pivotal role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the pathophysiology of ARDS. Both preclinical and clinical investigations have asserted the potential of antioxidants in ameliorating ARDS. This review focuses on various sources of ROS, including NADPH oxidase, uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase, cytochrome P450, and xanthine oxidase, and provides a comprehensive overview of their roles in ARDS. Additionally, we discuss the potential of using antioxidants as a strategy for treating ARDS.

Cellular ROS and Antioxidants: Physiological and Pathological Role

“…Furthermore, recently developed mitochondria-targeted antioxidants with ROS and electron scavenging capacity, such as XJB-5-131, have been shown to protect against cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury in adult [29] and aged [30] rats, improve aging-associated skeletal muscle contractility [31], and exhibit anti-ferroptotic effects in cardiomyocytes [32]. In this Special Issue, a comprehensive review article by Lim et al [33] discusses the beneficial effects of a large spectrum of antioxidants in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The study emphasizes the potential benefits of using antioxidants to inhibit ROS accumulation as a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with ARDS.…”

Nebulized Inhalation of Peptide-Modified DNA Origami To Alleviate Acute Lung Injury

“…Moreover, ROS production further enhances the M1 pro-inflammatory phenotype, leading to an overactivated immune microenvironment. , The clearance of ROS would facilitate the polarization of macrophages to the M2 phenotype that guides the transition from inflammation to tissue repair and regeneration . Hence, early intervention of ARDS by ROS scavenger with high delivery efficiency would be a promising therapy strategy for ALI/ARDS …”