Reactive molten salt synthesis of natural graphite flakes decorated with SnO2 nanorods as high performance, low cost anode material for lithium ion batteries

He, Zhenkun; Sun, Qiang; Xie, Kaiyu; Lu, Pai; Shi, Zhongning; Kamali, Ali Reza

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.04.022

Cited by 33 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Graphite is often used as an anode material in batteries due to the extremely high σ (>1.0 S cm −1 ) accompanied by low cost and excellent stability. [38][39][40] However, the narrow interlayer spacing (3.35 Å) of graphite and the long diffusion distance (several microns) of K + result in low D i of graphite, which limits the rate performance of graphite in KIBs. It was shown that the commercial graphite delivered a low rate capacity of 8 mAh g −1 at 1 A g −1 .…”

Section: Improvement Of Ion Diffusivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Architecture engineering of carbonaceous anodes for high‐rate potassium‐ion batteries

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2021

Carbon Energy

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The limited lithium resource in earth's crust has stimulated the pursuit of alternative energy storage technologies to lithium-ion battery. Potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) are regarded as a kind of promising candidate for large-scale energy storage owing to the high abundance and low cost of potassium resources. Nevertheless, further development and wide application of KIBs are still challenged by several obstacles, one of which is their fast capacity deterioration at high rates. A considerable amount of effort has recently been devoted to address this problem by developing advanced carbonaceous anode materials with diverse structures and morphologies. This review presents and highlights how the architecture engineering of carbonaceous anode materials gives rise to high-rate performances for KIBs, and also the beneficial conceptions are consciously extracted from the recent progress.Particularly, basic insights into the recent engineering strategies, structural innovation, and the related advances of carbonaceous anodes for high-rate KIBs are under specific concerns. Based on the achievements attained so far, a perspective on the foregoing, and proposed possible directions, and avenues for designing high-rate anodes, are presented finally.

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Section: Improvement Of Ion Diffusivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Architecture engineering of carbonaceous anodes for high‐rate potassium‐ion batteries

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2021

Carbon Energy

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“…Lots of SnO 2 nanostructures, such as nanowire, [25] nanosheets, [26] nanoparticles, [27] core‐shell structure, [28] porous structures, [29] hollow structures, [30] have been prepared and achieved excellent lithium storage performance. Combined with research progresses in above two aspects, constructing nanosized composite materials of SnO 2 has been considered to be a more effective method and has become a new hotspot [31–33] . For example, SnO 2 @C@Co‐NC composite was prepared through coating SnO 2 nanoparticles with resorcinol‐formaldehyde (RF) resin, embedding them into MOF and then carbonization [34] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi‐shelled Hollow Nanospheres of SnO₂/Sn@TiO₂@C Composite as High‐performance Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Zhao

Yuan

et al. 2021

ChemElectroChem

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To overcome two main drawbacks of SnO2 as anode material in lithium‐ion batteries, low conductivity and poor cycling stability, SnO2/Sn@TiO2@C composite is prepared via one‐pot hydrothermal reaction to synthesize SnO2/C precursor‐assembled hollow nanospheres and then coated with TiO2 and resorcinol‐formaldehyde resin. After calcination, multi‐shelled hollow nanospheres of SnO2/Sn@TiO2@C are formed. When used as anode material in lithium‐ion batteries, the as‐prepared composite exhibits high discharge capacity of 1565 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1. After 300 cycles at 1 A g−1, the discharge capacity still reaches 961 mAh g−1 with capacity fading rate of just 0.11 % per cycle. The average discharge capacity reaches 395 mAh g−1 even at 5 A g−1. The superior lithium storage performance mainly benefits from the unique multi‐shelled hollow nanosphere structure. The coating TiO2 and amorphous carbon increase structural and cycling stabilities of SnO2/Sn hollow nanospheres. The outermost carbon shell further enhances electronic conductivity of the composite. The hollow nanosphere structure also endows SnO2/Sn nanoparticles with high electrochemical activity. This work proposes a feasible synthesis and structure design strategy for the development of advanced SnO2‐based composite materials.

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“…This high capacity results from the first conversion reaction from SnO 2 to Sn, and followed alloying reaction, the process of which accompanies large volume expansion. During the repeated charge/discharge process, the great mechanical strain is induced in electrode materials, leading to pulverization of electrode and rapid fading of capacity …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the repeated charge/discharge process, the great mechanical strain is induced in electrode materials, leading to pulverization of electrode and rapid fading of capacity. [26][27][28] To alleviate above issues, many research groups adopt carbonaceous materials as a buffer matrix to accommodate the large volume changes of SnO 2 , along with a conductivity enhancer. [29,30] For instance, SnO 2 nanocrystals are dispersed into graphene oxide (GO), [30][31][32] carbon nanotubes (CNTs), [33][34][35] carbon fibers, [36] carbon cloth, [37] pyrolytic carbon [38,39] and so on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rational Design of Core‐Shell Structured C@SnO₂@CNTs Composite with Enhanced Lithium Storage Performance

et al. 2020

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SnO2 is considered to be a potential anode material in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) owing to its high specific capacity of 1494 mAh g−1. Herein, we reported the unique core‐shell structured C@SnO2@CNTs composite with controllable outer carbon thickness, which was synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method and subsequent annealing process. Results show that the C@SnO2@CNTs with outer carbon layer around 1.8 nm displays high reversible capacity and long‐term cycling performance. It maintains a capacity of 850 mAh g−1 should be at current density of 200 mA g−1 up to 100 cycles. Further analysis found that the C@SnO2@CNTs composite exhibits excellent structural stability even after 100 cycles, which contributes to provide a highway for charge transmission. These results give rise to superior electrochemical performance of C@SnO2@CNTs composite and provide new insight for design metal oxide composite anode materials in LIBs field.

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Reactive molten salt synthesis of natural graphite flakes decorated with SnO2 nanorods as high performance, low cost anode material for lithium ion batteries

Cited by 33 publications

References 86 publications

Architecture engineering of carbonaceous anodes for high‐rate potassium‐ion batteries

Architecture engineering of carbonaceous anodes for high‐rate potassium‐ion batteries

Multi‐shelled Hollow Nanospheres of SnO₂/Sn@TiO₂@C Composite as High‐performance Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Rational Design of Core‐Shell Structured C@SnO₂@CNTs Composite with Enhanced Lithium Storage Performance

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Reactive molten salt synthesis of natural graphite flakes decorated with SnO2 nanorods as high performance, low cost anode material for lithium ion batteries

Cited by 33 publications

References 86 publications

Architecture engineering of carbonaceous anodes for high‐rate potassium‐ion batteries

Architecture engineering of carbonaceous anodes for high‐rate potassium‐ion batteries

Multi‐shelled Hollow Nanospheres of SnO2/Sn@TiO2@C Composite as High‐performance Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Rational Design of Core‐Shell Structured C@SnO2@CNTs Composite with Enhanced Lithium Storage Performance

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Multi‐shelled Hollow Nanospheres of SnO₂/Sn@TiO₂@C Composite as High‐performance Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Rational Design of Core‐Shell Structured C@SnO₂@CNTs Composite with Enhanced Lithium Storage Performance