“Reactive Filtration”:  Use of Functionalized Porous Polymer Monoliths as Scavengers in Solution-Phase Synthesis

Abstract

[reaction: see text] Solid functionalized porous monolithic disks with reactive polymer chains grafted to their inner pore surface have been developed for scavenging excess reagents from reaction mixtures. A poly(chloromethylstyrene-co-divinylbenzene) monolith was cut into disks and activated by graft polymerizing 4-vinyl-2,2-dimethylazlactone to its pore surface. In contrast to the direct copolymerization of reactive monomers, grafting increases the accessibility of the reactive groups. Application of the reactive disks is demonstrated in the scavenging of excess amines from reaction mixtures in different solvents.

Preparation of methacrylate monoliths

“…Obviously, a better way is the in situ preparation of these sorbents using solid phase peptide synthesis directly on the stationary phase. Several authors have shown that monolithic material can be used as a support for peptide synthesis [23,105]; however, the idea of in situ preparation of peptidylated methacrylate monoliths ready-to-use for affinity chromatography was originally suggested by Korolkov et al [106]. They used macroporous poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-styreneco-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolithic disks and synthesized nonapeptide bradykinin on the pore surface.…”

“…In addition to the application of monoliths for HPLC, the rigid monolithic materials have been successfully exploited in gas chromatography [18], capillary electrochromatography [19], microfluidics [20], catalysis [21], solid phase extraction [22], and supported organic reactions [23].…”

Preparation and Characterization of Temperature‐responsive Porous Monoliths

“…These applications depend on various surface chemistries, i.e., high internal surface areas for H 2 storage; 1 polar, nonpolar, or chiral groups for chromatographic separation; [2][3][4] catalyst immobilized on the surface for heterogeneous catalysis; 5 ligands with chelation for detection of ions 6 and reactive polymers for on-line reactor. 7 There are two ways to prepare these functional monoliths: copolymerization of monomers with functional groups and post-modification of the original monolith using some molecules with functional groups. In the former, the monoliths are synthesized by one-step polymerization of functional monomers and cross-linkers.…”

Less common applications of monoliths

“…Their applications in a variety of liquid chromatographic modes including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary electrochromatography (CEC) has recently been described in several reviews [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] and books [11,26]. However, the less common applications of monolithic materials that include supports for solid phase and combinatorial synthesis [27][28][29], scavengers [30,31], carriers for immobilization of enzymes [32][33][34], static mixers [35], thermally responsive gates and valves [36][37][38], as well as solid phase extractors and pre-concentrators [39] are escaping the awareness of the scientific community. The recently started series of review articles aims at popularization of these applications.…”