Reactive extrusion of in‐situ composite based on PET and LCP blends

Hong, Soon Man; Hwang, Seung Sang; Seo, Yongsok; Chung, In Jae; Kim, Kwang Ung

doi:10.1002/pen.11708

Cited by 45 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Hong et al [86] studied the in situ compatibilisation of a PET/LCP blend via transesterification reactions in a twin screw extruder. The liquid-crystalline polymer, LC 3000, enhanced the crystallisat ion rate of PET, by acting as a nucleating agent.…”

Section: Liquid-crystalline Polymer (Lcp) Blendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Transreactions on the Compatibility and Miscibility of Blends of Condensation Polymers

Xanthos¹,

Warth²

1999

Transreactions in Condensation Polymers

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Principles of blend compatibilisationFew polymers form truly miscible blends characterised by a single glass transition temperature (Tg) and homogeneity on a 5-10nm scale with domain sizes comparable to the dimension of a macromolecular statistical segment. The majority of blends are immiscible, i e . , possess a phase separated morphology. Blends of this type are often preferred over the miscible ones since they combine some of the important characteristics of both blend constituents. Blend composition, viscoelastic properties of the components, and interfacial adhesion are among the parameters known to control the size and morphology of the dispersed phase and its stability to coalescence. Heterogeneous blends of technological importance are termed "compatible" and they constitute the majority of the commercial blends introduced in the past 30 years. In such blends, often known also as alloys, satisfactory physical and mechanical properties are related to the presence of an interphase modified through compatibilisation and the formation of a fine dispersed morphology resistant to phase separation.Polymer compatibility, which may lead ultimately to complete thermodynamic miscibility, may be enhanced by various methods. In addition to cocrystallisation and cocrosslinking, strong interactions such as acidbase or ion-dipole, hydrogen bonding and transition metal complexation Transreactions in Condensation PolymersStoyho Fahirov copyright 0 WILEY-VCH Verlag GrnbH. 1999 412 M. Xanthos, H. Warth between suitably functionalised components, have been shown to improve compatibility. More commonly, compatibility is promoted through interfacially active copolymers (e.g., block, graft, random) with segments capable of specific interactions and/or chemical reactions with the blend components. The copolymers may be added separately, or formed in situ through chemical reactions, often catalysed by the addition of low molecular weight (MW) compounds. Reactive and non-reactive compatibilisation of polymer blends has been the subject of numerous reviews [l-71.During blending of a pair of suitably functionalised polymers A and B, interchain block, graft, or random copolymers may be formed at various concentrations through covalent or ionic bonding. According to Brown [3] , the following are five general types of chemical processes/reactions by which interchain copolymer formation has been achieved in extruder reactors: 1. Chain cleavage/recombination (main chain of A/main chain of B or 2. End-group of A/end-group of B; block. 3. End-group of A/pendant functionality of B; graft. 4. Covalent cross-linking: pendant functionality of Alpendant functionality of B or main chain of A/main chain of B; graft (crosslinked network). Ionic bond formation between A and B; usually graft (usually crosslinked).The compatibilisers formed in situ have segments that are chemically identical to those in the respective unreacted homopolymers and are thought to be located preferentially at the interface, thus lowering interfacial tension, and also promo...

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Section: Liquid-crystalline Polymer (Lcp) Blendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Transreactions on the Compatibility and Miscibility of Blends of Condensation Polymers

Xanthos¹,

Warth²

1999

Transreactions in Condensation Polymers

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“…It can be seen in the literature that recent investigations have mainly dealt with the effect of chain extender concentration, as the most critical parameter, to corroborate the extent of improvement in the recycling of PET, through which MW losses caused by thermal degradation could be compensated. The effect of reaction time and application of different kinds of chain extenders like di‐ and multifunctional epoxies, diisocyanates, dianhydrides, and bis ‐oxazoline have been comprehensively reported . In this fashion, PMDA has been chosen by many researchers for the PET chain extension process owing to its tetra ‐functional structure, fast reaction rate with PET, thermal stability, and low cost .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A physicochemical route for compensation of molecular weight loss during recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate)

Rastin

Ahmadi

Pakdel

et al. 2015

Vinyl Additive Technology

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This work is aimed to undertake the simultaneous effect of chain extension (chemical modification) and solid-state polymerization (SSP) on the structural properties of recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) to compensate the molecular weight (MW) losses caused by thermal degradation. This hybrid technique was qualified by tracking changes in the MW, intrinsic viscosity (IV), and concentrations of hydroxyl and carboxylic groups of various samples containing different concentrations of chain extender that experienced different residence times (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 h) and different SSP process temperatures (190, 200, and 210 C). It was found that at high concentrations of chain extender, thermal degradation is facilitated owing to the lack of functional groups, as witnessed by a sharp drop in the MW and IV. The re-recycled poly(ethylene terephthalates) experienced chemical modification followed by SSP physical treatment and revealed a rise in MW and IV. Accordingly, the synergistic effect of hybrid modification in comparison with the individual chemical modification was highlighted. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 22:387-395,

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“…Therefore, in most cases, a number of the copolymer molecules prefer to form micelles [11–13] in the blends rather than locate at the interface, consequently, the compatibilization efficiency is low. Another way to improve the interfacial adhesion is in situ reactive compatibilization [14–30]. When two polymer chains with reactive functional groups meet at the interface during melt blending, they can react to form block or graft copolymers, which can reduce interfacial tension and stabilize the morphology of the blend.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinforcement of adhesion and development of morphology at polymer–polymer interface via reactive compatibilization: A review

Jiang

Guo

2010

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Polymer blending is a common and effective way to develop new materials with desirable physical and mechanical properties. Since most polymer pairs are immiscible, reactive compatibilization has been extensively studied to stabilize morphology of polymer blends and improve their mechanical properties. In the past several years, considerable interest has been expressed in understanding the fundamental kinetics and mechanisms of the interfacial reaction, investigating the reinforcement of the interfacial adhesion and the development of morphological structure at polymer-polymer interface induced by the interfacial reaction. The present review focused on some theoretical and experimental results that include the formation and growth of copolymers at the interface, and also the major factors such as reaction conditions, the concentration and bulk properties of the functionalized polymer, the thermodynamic interaction between the functionalized polymer and the matrix, which can influence the interfacial adhesion and morphological development. POLYM. ENG. SCI

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Reactive extrusion of in‐situ composite based on PET and LCP blends

Cited by 45 publications

References 34 publications

Effects of Transreactions on the Compatibility and Miscibility of Blends of Condensation Polymers

Effects of Transreactions on the Compatibility and Miscibility of Blends of Condensation Polymers

A physicochemical route for compensation of molecular weight loss during recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate)

Reinforcement of adhesion and development of morphology at polymer–polymer interface via reactive compatibilization: A review

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