Reactive extraction of zinc ions in the Scheibel column; A case study by applying the mathematical modelling of mass transfer with forward mixing

Three-Dimensional Model on Liquid–Liquid Mass Transfer of the Kenics Static Mixer: Considering Dynamic Droplet Size Distribution

“…By substituting a droplet size distribution for the unitary droplet size, the forward mixing model is considered to function better. 12,13 However, the spatial and temporal variation of dispersedphase droplet size distribution, which is caused by droplet breakage and coalescence, is not considered by the above models. 7,12 The combined model of computational fluid dynamics and the population balance equation (CFD-PBE) is able to quantify this variation well.…”

“…In fact, the diversity of the droplet size is mostly responsible for the nonideality of the dispersed phase, rather than the ignorable axial mixing. − As a result, both the axial dispersion model and backflow model are unable to produce the intended outcome. By substituting a droplet size distribution for the unitary droplet size, the forward mixing model is considered to function better. , …”

“…However, the spatial and temporal variation of dispersed-phase droplet size distribution, which is caused by droplet breakage and coalescence, is not considered by the above models. , The combined model of computational fluid dynamics and the population balance equation (CFD-PBE) is able to quantify this variation well. − However, the liquid–liquid mass transfer model considering the dynamic droplet size distribution by coupling the CFD-PBE model is only available in a small number of publications. It was initially studied by a German research team under the direction of Hans–Jorg Bart.…”

Experimental, equilibrium modelling, and column design for the reactive separation of biomass‐derived 2‐furoic acid

“…Reactive extraction offers an avenue for process intensification owing to multiple advantages such as acid back-extraction, recyclability of the utilized solvent, control over the liquid pH, and compatibility with integrating the electrochemical and bio-route synthesis of carboxylic (2-furoic) acid. [46,[53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60] The outlined methodology (reactive extraction) streamlines the extraction cycle by reducing energy and material consumption, increasing separation selectivity, and subsequently lowering the overall product cost. [61] Our present research demonstrates the reactive extraction recovery of 2-furoic acid by using TOA in octanol, chloroform, and diethyl ether.…”