Reactive blending of bisphenol-A polycarbonate with isosorbide-based polycarbonates: Effect of chain flexibility and compatibility

Continuous-Flow Production of Isosorbide from Aqueous-Cellulosic Derivable Feed over Sustainable Heterogeneous Catalysts

“…19−27 For instance, POLYSORB, 28 DURABIO, 29 and PLANEXT 30 are commercialized isosorbide-based polycarbonates with improved properties with respect to both poly(methyl methacrylate) and bisphenol-A polycarbonate. 31 As packaging for hot beverages, isosorbide can be polycondensed into poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) or polyesters of furan dicarboxylic acid. 21,32 In addition, it is used for the synthesis of dimethyl isosorbide, an alternative green solvent used also in cosmetics due to its low toxicity and high boiling point (509 K).…”

“…Lignocellulosic biomass is presumably one of the most important renewable sources on which the transition toward more sustainable chemical production could be based. − Sugars form about 70–80% of lignocellulosic biomass, which can be further valorized to biobased chemicals for polymers, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food industries. − Among these biobased chemicals, glucose is an illustrative case and can be selectively converted to sorbitol (9000 t year –1 ) via catalytic reduction. − Sorbitol is one of the top “12” promising building blocks according to the United State Department of Energy (DOE) because it is directly used but also can be further converted to high-value biobased building blocks, e.g ., isosorbide and 1,4-sorbitan. − Our current focus molecule, isosorbide, possesses its importance from its exponentially growing market (expected to be US $324.6 million at the end of 2020), as well as it is involved in the synthesis of a wide range of green and sustainable final products such as polymers, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and solvents. − For instance, POLYSORB, DURABIO, and PLANEXT are commercialized isosorbide-based polycarbonates with improved properties with respect to both poly­(methyl methacrylate) and bisphenol-A polycarbonate . As packaging for hot beverages, isosorbide can be polycondensed into poly­(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) or polyesters of furan dicarboxylic acid. , In addition, it is used for the synthesis of dimethyl isosorbide, an alternative green solvent used also in cosmetics due to its low toxicity and high boiling point (509 K). , In medicine, isosorbide and its derivatives (mono and dinitrate) are widely employed, especially as vasodilators in cardiologic disease treatments. , Industrially, isosorbide is produced with a yield of 77 mol % by homogeneous dehydration of sorbitol by H 2 SO 4 at 403 K. − In general, this process offers high isosorbide yield, but it is neither economically efficient nor sustainable due to the intrinsic drawbacks of using homogeneous catalysts. , Aiming at heterogeneous alternatives, several solid acid catalysts, i.e ., zeolites, mixed oxides, and resins, have been proposed for isosorbide production from sorbitol. ,−…”

Sustainable Sorbitol Dehydration to Isosorbide using Solid Acid Catalysts: Transition from Batch Reactor to Continuous‐Flow System

“…Several isosorbide‐based products are already commercialized: polycarbonates such as POLYSORB, DURABIO, [22] and PLANEXT [23] showed superior properties with respect to fossil‐derived polymers, that is, poly(methyl methacrylate) and bisphenol‐A polycarbonate. [24] Moreover, isosorbide copolyesters with terephtalates or furan dicarboxylic acid are a more green and biodegradable alternative to polyethylene terephthalate. [25] Furthermore, the biocompatible and biodegradable isosorbide polyurethanes are suitable for biomedical, cosmetics, and textile applications.…”

Design and Synthesis of Optical Biobased Polycarbonates with High Refractive Index and Low Birefringence

“…17−20 Moreover, poly(isosorbide carbonate) (PIC) has better thermal stability and scratch resistance than BPA-PC. 21 In particular, its excellent transmittance has great application prospects in the optical field.…”

“…Isosorbide (ISB), a biobased diol, is expected to be an ideal alternative to BPA due to its nontoxicity, rigidity, and superior thermal stability. , Compared with BPA, ISB is derived from green and sustainable biomass resources. − Moreover, poly­(isosorbide carbonate) (PIC) has better thermal stability and scratch resistance than BPA-PC . In particular, its excellent transmittance has great application prospects in the optical field.…”